Innate type 2 immunity controls hair follicle commensalism by Demodex mites
Type 2 cytokines are well recognized for their role in mediating allergic pathologies in skin, but their role in normal skin physiology is unclear. Ricardo-Gonzalez et al. reveal that type 2 immunity restrains skin inflammation in response to injury that is necessary to control hair follicle commensalism by Demodex mites. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - August 30, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Roberto R. Ricardo-Gonzalez, Maya E. Kotas, Claire E. O ’Leary, Katelyn Singh, William Damsky, Chang Liao, Elizabeth Arouge, Iliana Tenvooren, Diana M. Marquez, Andrew W. Schroeder, Jarish N. Cohen, Marlys S. Fassett, Jinwoo Lee, Scott G. Daniel, Kyle B Tags: Article Source Type: research
Renal NF- κB activation impairs uric acid homeostasis to promote tumor-associated mortality independent of wasting
How host immune responses contribute to tumor-associated wasting or mortality is unknown. Chen et al. show that Drosophila yki3SA-gut tumors suppress PGRP-SC2 production to cause gut bacterial overload and systemic IMD-NF-κB activation, promoting host death without affecting wasting. They demonstrate that renal IMD-NF-κB-mediated uric acid accumulation increases host mortality. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - August 26, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yuchen Chen, Wenhao Xu, Yuan Chen, Anxuan Han, Jiantao Song, Xiaoya Zhou, Wei Song Tags: Article Source Type: research
Lymphatic migration of unconventional T cells promotes site-specific immunity in distinct lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels are immunological highways that connect lymph nodes to peripheral tissues. Ataide et al. found that tissue-derived UTCs also continuously migrate via this route. This migration pattern leads to characteristic innate and adaptive immune responses that differ between lymph nodes, mirrors the drained tissue, and is based on the immediate effector function of UTCs. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - August 23, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Marco A. Ataide, Konrad Kn öpper, Paulina Cruz de Casas, Milas Ugur, Sarah Eickhoff, Mangge Zou, Haroon Shaikh, Apurwa Trivedi, Anika Grafen, Tao Yang, Immo Prinz, Knut Ohlsen, Mercedes Gomez de Agüero, Andreas Beilhack, Jochen Huehn, Mauro Gaya, Antoin Tags: Article Source Type: research
SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the changing landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants capable of evading neutralizing antibodies has increased the interest in defining the immunological correlates of disease protection. Bertoletti, Le Bert, and Tan summarize how SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell magnitude, function, and anatomical localization can affect their ability to protect against severe COVID-19. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - August 17, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Antonio Bertoletti, Nina Le Bert, Anthony T. Tan Tags: Review Source Type: research
SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the changing landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants capable of evading neutralizing antibodies have increased the interest in defining the immunological correlates of disease protection. Bertoletti, Le Bert, and Tan summarize how SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell magnitude, function and anatomical localization can affect the their ability to protect against severe COVID-19. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - August 17, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Antonio Bertoletti, Nina Le Bert, Anthony T. Tan Tags: Review Source Type: research
Apolipoprotein E4 impairs the response of neurodegenerative retinal microglia and prevents neuronal loss in glaucoma
The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer disease and a decreased risk of glaucoma, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Margeta et al. demonstrate that APOE-Galectin-3 signaling regulates cytotoxic neurodegenerative retinal microglia in glaucoma and that the APOE4 allele attenuates microglial neurodegenerative phenotype and protects neurons in glaucoma. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - August 16, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Milica A. Margeta, Zhuoran Yin, Charlotte Madore, Kristen M. Pitts, Sophia M. Letcher, Jing Tang, Shuhong Jiang, Christian D. Gauthier, Sebastian R. Silveira, Caitlin M. Schroeder, Eleonora M. Lad, Alan D. Proia, Rudolph E. Tanzi, David M. Holtzman, Susan Tags: Article Source Type: research
Vaccination with a structure-based stabilized version of malarial antigen Pfs48/45 elicits ultra-potent transmission-blocking antibody responses
Clinical development of transmission-blocking malaria vaccine Pfs48/45 antigens has been hindered by its poor biochemical characteristics. McLeod et al. utilized protein engineering techniques to improve the stability and biophysical properties of Pfs48/45-6C, which enhanced the inhibitory capacity of the immune response by 1–2 orders of magnitude, compared with the wild-type antigen across three vaccine platforms. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - August 16, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Brandon McLeod, Moustafa T. Mabrouk, Kazutoyo Miura, Rashmi Ravichandran, Sally Kephart, Sophia Hailemariam, Thao P. Pham, Anthony Semesi, Iga Kucharska, Prasun Kundu, Wei-Chiao Huang, Max Johnson, Alyssa Blackstone, Deleah Pettie, Michael Murphy, John C. Tags: Article Source Type: research
The matricellular protein SPARC induces inflammatory interferon-response in macrophages during aging
Caloric restriction (CR) reduces inflammation and enhances longevity, but the identity of CR-mimetics that improve health span is unclear. Ryu et al. reveal that sustained CR in humans reduces adipose SPARC. Elevation of SPARC promotes interferon-response and inflammation, while reduction of SPARC in adipocytes protects against aging-related inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - August 12, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Seungjin Ryu, Sviatoslav Sidorov, Eric Ravussin, Maxim Artyomov, Akiko Iwasaki, Andrew Wang, Vishwa Deep Dixit Tags: Article Source Type: research
The pre-exposure SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell repertoire determines the quality of the immune response to vaccination
Determinants of immune-response quality to SARS-CoV-2 remain poorly defined. Saggau et al. examine spike-specific naive and memory T cells pre- and post-vaccination and track pre-existing memory T cell receptors. They define T cell parameters of high-quality vaccine responses and identify high pre-existing memory and low naive T cell contributions as predictors of low-quality re sponses, particularly in the elderly. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - August 11, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Carina Saggau, Gabriela Rios Martini, Elisa Rosati, Silja Meise, Berith Messner, Ann-Kristin Kamps, Nicole Bekel, Johannes Gigla, Ruben Rose, Mathias Vo ß, Ulf M. Geisen, Hayley M. Reid, Melike Sümbül, Florian Tran, Dennis K. Berner, Yascha Khodamoradi Tags: Article Source Type: research
The pre-exposure SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell repertoire determines the quality of the immune response to vaccination
Determinants of immune response quality to SARS-CoV-2 remain poorly defined. Saggau et al. examine spike-specific na ïve and memory T cells pre- and post-vaccination and track pre-existing memory T cell receptors. They define T cell parameters of high-quality vaccine responses and identify high pre-existing memory and low naïve T cell contributions as predictors of low-quality responses, particularly in the elde rly. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - August 11, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Carina Saggau, Gabriela Rios Martini, Elisa Rosati, Silja Meise, Berith Messner, Ann-Kristin Kamps, Nicole Bekel, Johannes Gigla, Ruben Rose, Mathias Vo ß, Ulf M. Geisen, Hayley M. Reid, Melike Sümbül, Florian Tran, Dennis K. Berner, Yascha Khodamoradi Tags: Article Source Type: research
Allelic polymorphism controls autoreactivity and vaccine elicitation of human broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza virus
Human broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against the influenza virus preferentially use F54 IGHV1-69 as opposed to the L54 allele of this antibody VH gene. Sangesland et al. show that although both alleles encode for affinity to the same target, L54 IGHV1-69 also imparts autoreactivity, dampening vaccine expandability in a humanized mouse model. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - August 10, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Maya Sangesland, Alba Torrents de la Pe ña, Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum, Larance Ronsard, Faez Amokrane Nait Mohamed, Thalia Bracamonte Moreno, Ralston M. Barnes, Daniel Rohrer, Nils Lonberg, Musie Ghebremichael, Masaru Kanekiyo, Andrew Ward, Daniel Lingwood Tags: Article Source Type: research
Potently neutralizing and protective anti-human metapneumovirus antibodies target diverse sites on the fusion glycoprotein
Rappazzo et al. isolate and structurally characterize monoclonal antibodies from human metapneumovirus convalescent donors that display broad and potent neutralization and recognize distinct sites on the fusion glycoprotein. Multiple antibodies demonstrate robust prophylactic efficacy in a small animal model. The results provide a framework for the development of hMPV vaccines and therapeutics. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - August 8, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: C. Garrett Rappazzo, Ching-Lin Hsieh, Scott A. Rush, Emma S. Esterman, Teresa Delgado, James C. Geoghegan, Anna Z. Wec, Mrunal Sakharkar, Vicente M ás, Jason S. McLellan, Laura M. Walker Tags: Article Source Type: research
Antibodies from primary humoral responses modulate the recruitment of naive B cells during secondary responses
Using preclinical models for HIV and SARS-CoV, Tas et al. show that circulating antibodies from primary responses affect which naive B cells participate in germinal centers after secondary challenges. The directionality and intensity of this influence is determined by the epitope specificity of the primary response and by the affinity and concentrati on of the circulating antibody. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - August 4, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jeroen M.J. Tas, Ja-Hyun Koo, Ying-Cing Lin, Zhenfei Xie, Jon M. Steichen, Abigail M. Jackson, Blake M. Hauser, Xuesong Wang, Christopher A. Cottrell, Jonathan L. Torres, John E. Warner, Kathrin H. Kirsch, Stephanie R. Weldon, Bettina Groschel, Bartek Nog Tags: Article Source Type: research
Antigenic cartography using sera from sequence-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern infections reveals antigenic divergence of Omicron
Given the continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2, it is important to understand when and how to update vaccines to antigenically match circulating variants. Van der Straten et al. demonstrate that infection with different SARS-CoV-2 variants leads to qualitatively different neutralizing antibody responses. Moreover, they show that Omicron represents a new cluster of antigenically distinct variants, which has implications for updating vaccines. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - August 4, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Karlijn van der Straten, Denise Guerra, Marit J. van Gils, Ilja Bontjer, Tom G. Caniels, Hugo D.G. van Willigen, Elke Wynberg, Meliawati Poniman, Judith A. Burger, Joey H. Bouhuijs, Jacqueline van Rijswijk, Wouter Olijhoek, Marinus H. Liesdek, A. H. Ayesh Tags: Article Source Type: research
DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha and TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 restrain mitochondrial DNA-mediated interferon signaling in macrophages
Clonal hematopoiesis due to mutations in DNMT3A or TET2 increases risk of cardiovascular disease, but mechanisms are presently unclear. Cobo et al. reveal that loss of function of DNMT3A and TET2 results in a type 1 interferon response in macrophages due to impaired mitochondrial DNA integrity. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - August 4, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Isidoro Cobo, Tiffany N. Tanaka, Kailash Chandra Mangalhara, Addison Lana, Calvin Yeang, Claudia Han, Johannes Schlachetzki, Jean Challcombe, Bethany R. Fixsen, Mashito Sakai, Rick Z. Li, Hannah Fields, Michal Mokry, Randy G. Tsai, Rafael Bejar, Koen Pran Tags: Article Source Type: research
