B cell receptor signaling in germinal centers prolongs survival and primes B cells for selection
The role that B cell receptor (BCR) signaling plays in selection within germinal centers (GCs) is not well understood. Here, Chen et al. demonstrate that BCR signaling is necessary for the survival and priming of light zone (LZ) B cells and that these signals synergize with T cell help to enhance positive selection of GC B cells. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - March 6, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Spencer T. Chen, Thiago Y. Oliveira, Anna Gazumyan, Melissa Cipolla, Michel C. Nussenzweig Tags: Article Source Type: research
SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection induces rapid memory and de novo T cell responses
Our understanding of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and breakthrough infection has lagged behind B cells and antibodies. Here, Koutsakos et al. utilize longitudinal sampling to demonstrate a rapid activation of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during breakthrough infection. Furthermore, spike-spec ific CD8+ T cell activation correlates with viral clearance. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - February 27, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Marios Koutsakos, Arnold Reynaldi, Wen Shi Lee, Julie Nguyen, Thakshila Amarasena, George Taiaroa, Paul Kinsella, Kwee Chin Liew, Thomas Tran, Helen E. Kent, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Louise C. Rowntree, Thi H.O. Nguyen, Paul G. Thomas, Katherine Kedzierska, Jan Pete Tags: Article Source Type: research
SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection induces rapid memory and de novo T cell responses
Our understanding of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and breakthrough infection has lagged behind B cells and antibodies. Here, Koutsakos et al utilize longitudinal sampling to demonstrate rapid activation of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during breakthrough infection. Furthermore, Spike-specific CD8+ T cell activation correlates with viral clearance. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - February 27, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Marios Koutsakos, Arnold Reynaldi, Wen Shi Lee, Julie Nguyen, Thakshila Amarasena, George Taiaroa, Paul Kinsella, Kwee Chin Liew, Thomas Tran, Helen E Kent, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Louise C Rowntree, Thi H O Nguyen, Paul G Thomas, Katherine Kedzierska, Jan Petersen Tags: Article Source Type: research
Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein expression is increased by stress and inhibits monoamine synthesis to promote depressive symptoms
Monoamine insufficiency is thought to be associated with depressive features, but the mechanisms that cause it are unclear. Fang et al. demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels are increased in response to diverse stressors, including inflammation, and that LBP inhibits monoamine biosynthesis, indicating that it may have an important role in the development of some forms of stress-induced depression. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - February 27, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mingqian Fang, Yu Li, Zhiyi Liao, Gan Wang, Qiqi Cao, Ya Li, Yong Duan, Yanbing Han, Xinyi Deng, Feilong Wu, Peter Muiruri Kamau, Qiumin Lu, Ren Lai Tags: Article Source Type: research
Skin γδ T cell inflammatory responses are hardwired in the thymus by oxysterol sensing via GPR183 and calibrated by dietary cholesterol
High-fat diet can exacerbate tissue inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis, but molecular mechanisms linking dietary components and tissue lymphocyte responses are scarce. Here, Frascoli et al. report that dermal innate-like lymphocytes require cholesterol metabolites sensing for thymic development and skin homeostasis. Dietary cholesterol enhances their activation and exacerbates tissue inflammation. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - February 24, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Michela Frascoli, Enxhi Ferraj, Bing Miu, Justin Malin, Nicholas A. Spidale, Jennifer Cowan, Susanna C. Shissler, Robert Brink, Ying Xu, Jason G. Cyster, Avinash Bhandoola, Joonsoo Kang, Andrea Reboldi Tags: Article Source Type: research
Monocytes re-enter the bone marrow during fasting and alter the host response to infection
Fasting influences the distribution of leukocytes throughout the body, but its mechanisms and implications are only partly understood. Here, Janssen et al. reveal how fasting leads to homing of monocytes into the bone marrow. Re-feeding gives rise to a surge of circulating monocytes with deleterious effects on bacterial host response. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - February 23, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Henrike Janssen, Florian Kahles, Dan Liu, Jeffrey Downey, Laura L. Koekkoek, Vladimir Roudko, Darwin D ’Souza, Cameron S. McAlpine, Lennard Halle, Wolfram C. Poller, Christopher T. Chan, Shun He, John E. Mindur, Máté G. Kiss, Sumnima Singh, Atsushi An Tags: Article Source Type: research
Dysregulated lung stroma drives emphysema exacerbation by potentiating resident lymphocytes to suppress an epithelial stem cell reservoir
Respiratory infection can trigger exacerbation of emphysema, but we lack understanding of the processes involved. Wang et al. show that alteration of a COPD variant gene in the stroma can potentiate tissue-resident lymphocyte expansion that suppresses stem cell renewal, leading to loss of barrier surface and emphysema in the lung. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - February 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Chaoqun Wang, Ben Hyams, Nancy C. Allen, Kelly Cautivo, Kiara Monahan, Minqi Zhou, Madelene W. Dahlgren, Carlos O. Lizama, Michael Matthay, Paul Wolters, Ari B. Molofsky, Tien Peng Tags: Article Source Type: research
The gut microbiota promotes distal tissue regeneration via ROR γ+ regulatory T cell emissaries
Colonic ROR γ+ Treg cells are a specialized microbiota-dependent population crucial for intestinal homeostasis, but their role in extra-gut tissues remains unexplored. Hanna et al. report that these cells seed non-mucosal tissues in response to injury wherein they can rein in IL-17A-driven inflammation, regul ate stem cell activities, and promote tissue regeneration. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - February 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Bola S. Hanna, Gang Wang, Silvia Galv án-Peña, Alexander O. Mann, Ricardo N. Ramirez, Andrés R. Muñoz-Rojas, Kathleen Smith, Min Wan, Christophe Benoist, Diane Mathis Tags: Article Source Type: research
The alarmin interleukin-33 promotes the expansion and preserves the stemness of Tcf-1+ CD8+ T cells in chronic viral infection
Stem-like Tcf-1-expressing CD8 T cells (CD8+SL) are key to immune defense in chronic infection and cancer, but the cytokine signals that promote CD8+SL cell expansion and stemness remain undefined. Marx et al. reveal that interleukin-33 assumes this role by balancing type I interferon signals and augmenting chromatin accessibili ty of CD8+SL. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - February 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Anna-Friederike Marx, Sandra M. Kallert, Tobias M. Brunner, Jos é A. Villegas, Florian Geier, Jonas Fixemer, Tiago Abreu-Mota, Peter Reuther, Weldy V. Bonilla, Jelizaveta Fadejeva, Mario Kreutzfeldt, Ingrid Wagner, Patricia Aparicio-Domingo, Leo Scarpell Tags: Article Source Type: research
Non-canonical pattern recognition of a pathogen-derived metabolite by a nuclear hormone receptor identifies virulent bacteria in C. elegans
Immune sensing of infectious microorganisms is essential for animal health. Peterson and Tse et al. characterize a non-canonical pattern recognition system that intercepts pathogen-derived signals of growth and virulence to assess the relative threat of virulent bacteria. A C. elegans nuclear hormone receptor senses phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN), a toxic metabolite produced by pathogenic st rains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to activate innate immunity. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - February 17, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nicholas D. Peterson, Samantha Y. Tse, Qiuyu Judy Huang, Khursheed A. Wani, Celia A. Schiffer, Read Pukkila-Worley Tags: Article Source Type: research
HIV rapidly targets a diverse pool of CD4+ T cells to establish productive and latent infections
The early cellular targets of HIV and the mechanisms of viral dissemination in humans remain elusive. Gantner et al. demonstrate that the early targets of HIV rapidly change during acute infection and differ between blood and lymph nodes. They also observe that latent and genetically intact proviruses persisting during therapy are archived from the earliest stages of acute infection. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - February 17, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Pierre Gantner, Supranee Buranapraditkun, Am élie Pagliuzza, Caroline Dufour, Marion Pardons, Julie L. Mitchell, Eugène Kroon, Carlo Sacdalan, Nicha Tulmethakaan, Suteeraporn Pinyakorn, Merlin L. Robb, Nittaya Phanuphak, Jintanat Ananworanich, Denise Hs Tags: Article Source Type: research
Interplay between liver and blood stages of Plasmodium infection dictates malaria severity via γδ T cells and IL-17-promoted stress erythropoiesis
The impact of liver stage Plasmodium infection on clinical outcomes of malaria is underappreciated. Chora et al. demonstrate an important role in liver stage-dependent activation of γδ T cells and further show that the integration of host responses during both liver and blood stages of infection dictates malaria severity. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - February 17, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ângelo Ferreira Chora, Sofia Marques, Joana Lisboa Gonçalves, Priscila Lima, Daniel Gomes da Costa, Daniel Fernandez-Ruiz, Maria Inês Marreiros, Pedro Ruivo, Tânia Carvalho, Ruy M. Ribeiro, Karine Serre, William R. Heath, Bruno Silva-Santos, Ann T. Ta Tags: Article Source Type: research
Repression of the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor prevents oxidative stress and ferroptosis of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes
Intestinal IEL homeostasis relies on AHR, a ligand-induced transcription factor that is tightly controlled through feedback circuitries. Panda et al. demonstrated that lack of AHR repressor (AHRR) unleashes the AHR-induced monooxygenase CYP1A1, which causes oxidative stress and ferroptosis of IELs. This loss of IELs can be reversed by dietary antioxidants. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - February 16, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Santosh K. Panda, Vincent Peng, Raki Sudan, Alina Ulezko Antonova, Blanda Di Luccia, Takahiro E. Ohara, Jose Luis Fachi, Gary E. Grajales-Reyes, Natalia Jaeger, Tihana Trsan, Susan Gilfillan, Marina Cella, Marco Colonna Tags: Article Source Type: research
Broadly neutralizing anti-S2 antibodies protect against all three human betacoronaviruses that cause deadly disease
Pan-betacoronavirus broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) may hold key to developing broadly protective vaccines against pandemic coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 variants. Zhou et al. isolate a large panel of S2 stem-helix bnAbs to betacoronaviruses and reveal their public features. Select stem-helix bnAbs protect against all three human betacoronaviruses that cause deadly disease. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - February 15, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Panpan Zhou, Ge Song, Hejun Liu, Meng Yuan, Wan-ting He, Nathan Beutler, Xueyong Zhu, Longping V. Tse, David R. Martinez, Alexandra Sch äfer, Fabio Anzanello, Peter Yong, Linghang Peng, Katharina Dueker, Rami Musharrafieh, Sean Callaghan, Tazio Capozzola Tags: Article Source Type: research
Archaic humans have contributed to large-scale variation in modern human T cell receptor genes
T cells are critical for immunological responses to pathogens and malignancies; yet, knowledge of variation in expressed human TCR germline genes is limited. Corcoran et al. reveal large TCR allelic variation, doubling the number of validated alleles, showing that many are population-specific and revealing several that originate from human-Neanderthal interbreeding. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - February 15, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Martin Corcoran, Mark Chernyshev, Marco Mandolesi, Sanjana Narang, Mateusz Kaduk, Kewei Ye, Christopher Sundling, Anna F ärnert, Taras Kreslavsky, Carolina Bernhardsson, Maximilian Larena, Mattias Jakobsson, Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam Tags: Article Source Type: research
