Adult retinopathy of prematurity: treatment implications, long term sequelae, and management
Purpose of review
Classically, ROP has been considered a neonatal disease only; however, pediatric ophthalmologists and retinal specialists worldwide are recently facing a new paradigm shift. retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is now considered a lifelong disease that extends well into adulthood. The purpose of this review is to describe the adult ROP anatomy and discuss the late sequelae and management of this disease.
Recent findings
Neonatal ROP treatments affect both anterior and posterior segment anatomy. Anterior segment changes secondary to inflammation and posterior ciliary nerve ablation range from acute ...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 5, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY: NICU TO ADULTHOOD: Edited by Audina Berrocal and Antonio Capone Jr. Source Type: research
Surgery for stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity
Purpose of review
Our understanding of the pathogenesis and surgical management of stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity has come a long way. Despite of new technologies in retinal surgical devices, the dissection of thick membranes is still a challenge. We use a capsulotomy ‘plug on tip’ 0.05 mm designed for capsular fimosis. This diathermy instrument is used to cut the lens capsule by low power waves transmitted from the tip of an active incising electrode and make incisions in the tissue. We tested this technique with 226 infants of which all 226 eyes retrolental membrane were removed. In 6–46 months follow-u...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 5, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY: NICU TO ADULTHOOD: Edited by Audina Berrocal and Antonio Capone Jr. Source Type: research
Complications of retinopathy of prematurity treatment
Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to summarize complications of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to compare complications of laser and intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections.
Recent findings
Poor structural outcomes and myopia are more common with laser for severe ROP than with anti-VEGF. Clinical trial data show unfavourable outcomes in 9.1–9.5% of laser treated, and 1.4–3.6% of anti-VEGF treated eyes. Additional randomized trial data show risk for very high myopia (≥-8.00D) to be 3.8 and 51.4% for zone I eyes treated with bevacizumab and lase...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 5, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY: NICU TO ADULTHOOD: Edited by Audina Berrocal and Antonio Capone Jr. Source Type: research
Description and management of retinopathy of prematurity reactivation after intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy
Purpose of review
To review the literature regarding reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) after treatment with antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents.
Recent findings
Reactivation can occur after anti-VEGF or laser. Risk factors for reactivation include patient and disease-related factors. Various studies are evaluating the use of different anti-VEGF agents and reactivation rates. However, the definition of reactivation varies between studies.
Summary
The literature has varied definitions of reactivation, which is often used interchangeably with recurrence. It is important t...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 5, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY: NICU TO ADULTHOOD: Edited by Audina Berrocal and Antonio Capone Jr. Source Type: research
Generative adversarial networks in ophthalmology: what are these and how can they be used?
Purpose of review
The development of deep learning (DL) systems requires a large amount of data, which may be limited by costs, protection of patient information and low prevalence of some conditions. Recent developments in artificial intelligence techniques have provided an innovative alternative to this challenge via the synthesis of biomedical images within a DL framework known as generative adversarial networks (GANs). This paper aims to introduce how GANs can be deployed for image synthesis in ophthalmology and to discuss the potential applications of GANs-produced images.
Recent findings
Image synthesis is...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 5, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RETINA: Edited by Judy E. Kim and Ehsan Rahimy Source Type: research
Applications of interpretability in deep learning models for ophthalmology
Purpose of review
In this article, we introduce the concept of model interpretability, review its applications in deep learning models for clinical ophthalmology, and discuss its role in the integration of artificial intelligence in healthcare.
Recent findings
The advent of deep learning in medicine has introduced models with remarkable accuracy. However, the inherent complexity of these models undermines its users’ ability to understand, debug and ultimately trust them in clinical practice. Novel methods are being increasingly explored to improve models’ ’interpretability’ and draw clearer associations ...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 5, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RETINA: Edited by Judy E. Kim and Ehsan Rahimy Source Type: research
Clinician-driven artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: resources enabling democratization
This article aims to discuss the current state of resources enabling the democratization of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology
Recent findings
Open datasets, efficient labeling techniques, code-free automated machine learning (AutoML) and cloud-based platforms for deployment are resources that enable clinicians with scarce resources to drive their own AI projects.
Summary
Clinicians are the use-case experts who are best suited to drive AI projects tackling patient-relevant outcome measures. Taken together, open datasets, efficient labeling techniques, code-free AutoML and cloud platforms break the ...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 5, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RETINA: Edited by Judy E. Kim and Ehsan Rahimy Source Type: research
Systemic retinal biomarkers
Purpose of review
Systemic retinal biomarkers are biomarkers identified in the retina and related to evaluation and management of systemic disease. This review summarizes the background, categories and key findings from this body of research as well as potential applications to clinical care.
Recent findings
Potential systemic retinal biomarkers for cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and neurodegenerative disease were identified using regression analysis as well as more sophisticated image processing techniques. Deep learning techniques were used in a number of studies predicting diseases including anaemia a...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 5, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RETINA: Edited by Judy E. Kim and Ehsan Rahimy Source Type: research
Gaps in standards for integrating artificial intelligence technologies into ophthalmic practice
Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of healthcare standards and their relevance to multiple ophthalmic workflows, with a specific emphasis on describing gaps in standards development needed for improved integration of artificial intelligence technologies into ophthalmic practice.
Recent findings
Healthcare standards are an essential component of data exchange and critical for clinical practice, research, and public health surveillance activities. Standards enable interoperability between clinical information systems, healthcare information exchange between institutions, and cli...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 5, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RETINA: Edited by Judy E. Kim and Ehsan Rahimy Source Type: research
Artificial intelligence and ophthalmic surgery
Purpose of review
Artificial intelligence and deep learning have become important tools in extracting data from ophthalmic surgery to evaluate, teach, and aid the surgeon in all phases of surgical management. The purpose of this review is to highlight the ever-increasing intersection of computer vision, machine learning, and ophthalmic microsurgery.
Recent findings
Deep learning algorithms are being applied to help evaluate and teach surgical trainees. Artificial intelligence tools are improving real-time surgical instrument tracking, phase segmentation, as well as enhancing the safety of robotic-assisted vitreo...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 5, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RETINA: Edited by Judy E. Kim and Ehsan Rahimy Source Type: research
Artificial intelligence in myopia: current and future trends
Purpose of review
Myopia is one of the leading causes of visual impairment, with a projected increase in prevalence globally. One potential approach to address myopia and its complications is early detection and treatment. However, current healthcare systems may not be able to cope with the growing burden. Digital technological solutions such as artificial intelligence (AI) have emerged as a potential adjunct for myopia management.
Recent findings
There are currently four significant domains of AI in myopia, including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), genetics and natural language processing (NLP). ML h...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 5, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RETINA: Edited by Judy E. Kim and Ehsan Rahimy Source Type: research
Automated deep learning in ophthalmology: AI that can build AI
Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to describe the current status of automated deep learning in healthcare and to explore and detail the development of these models using commercially available platforms. We highlight key studies demonstrating the effectiveness of this technique and discuss current challenges and future directions of automated deep learning.
Recent findings
There are several commercially available automated deep learning platforms. Although specific features differ between platforms, they utilise the common approach of supervised learning. Ophthalmology is an exemplar speciality in ...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 5, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RETINA: Edited by Judy E. Kim and Ehsan Rahimy Source Type: research
Deep learning-based natural language processing in ophthalmology: applications, challenges and future directions
Purpose of review
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the fourth industrial revolution in mankind's history. Natural language processing (NLP) is a type of AI that transforms human language, to one that computers can interpret and process. NLP is still in the formative stages of development in healthcare, with promising applications and potential challenges in its applications. This review provides an overview of AI-based NLP, its applications in healthcare and ophthalmology, next-generation use case, as well as potential challenges in deployment.
Recent findings
The integration of AI-based NLP systems into existing...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 5, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RETINA: Edited by Judy E. Kim and Ehsan Rahimy Source Type: research
Artificial intelligence-based predictions in neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Purpose of review
Predicting treatment response and optimizing treatment regimen in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) remains challenging. Artificial intelligence-based tools have the potential to increase confidence in clinical development of new therapeutics, facilitate individual prognostic predictions, and ultimately inform treatment decisions in clinical practice.
Recent findings
To date, most advances in applying artificial intelligence to nAMD have focused on facilitating image analysis, particularly for automated segmentation, extraction, and quantification of imaging-base...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 5, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RETINA: Edited by Judy E. Kim and Ehsan Rahimy Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology)
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 5, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
