Big data requirements for artificial intelligence
Purpose of review
To summarize how big data and artificial intelligence technologies have evolved, their current state, and next steps to enable future generations of artificial intelligence for ophthalmology.
Recent findings
Big data in health care is ever increasing in volume and variety, enabled by the widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) and standards for health data information exchange, such as Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine and Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources. Simultaneously, the development of powerful cloud-based storage and computing architectures supports a fert...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 13, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RETINA: Edited by Judy E. Kim and Ehsan Rahimy Source Type: research
Artificial intelligence for retinopathy of prematurity
Purpose of review
In this article, we review the current state of artificial intelligence applications in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and provide insight on challenges as well as strategies for bringing these algorithms to the bedside.
Recent findings
In the past few years, there has been a dramatic shift from machine learning approaches based on feature extraction to ‘deep’ convolutional neural networks for artificial intelligence applications. Several artificial intelligence for ROP approaches have demonstrated adequate proof-of-concept performance in research studies. The next steps are to determine whethe...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 13, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RETINA: Edited by Judy E. Kim and Ehsan Rahimy Source Type: research
Fundamentals of artificial intelligence for ophthalmologists
Purpose of review
As artificial intelligence continues to develop new applications in ophthalmic image recognition, we provide here an introduction for ophthalmologists and a primer on the mechanisms of deep learning systems.
Recent findings
Deep learning has lent itself to the automated interpretation of various retinal imaging modalities, including fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) represent the primary class of deep neural networks applied to these image analyses. These have been configured to aid in the detection of diabetes retinopathy, AMD, retinal detachmen...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 13, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RETINA: Edited by Judy E. Kim and Ehsan Rahimy Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology)
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 13, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Techniques of noncircular corneal transplantation
Purpose of review
The management of peripheral corneal diseases, including Mooren's ulcer, Terrien's marginal degeneration, peripheral ulcerative keratitis and pellucid marginal degeneration is challenging. Circular grafts must either be very large, resulting in the excision of healthy tissue, or eccentric, leading to high levels of astigmatism. This review summarizes the range of noncircular keratoplasty procedures available to surgeons, in addition to their indications, and surgical techniques.
Recent findings
Noncircular grafts have been demonstrated to be useful in the management of peripheral corneal diseases. Th...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - June 6, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: CORNEAL AND EXTERNAL DISORDERS: Edited by Shahzad I. Mian Source Type: research
Risk factors for postlaser refractive surgery corneal ectasia
Purpose of review
To summarize newly reported and update previously known risk factors for post laser vision correction (LVC) corneal ectasia.
Recent findings
Advances in corneal topography and tomography have improved detection of preclinical ectasia-related changes. This has allowed for enhanced screening of surgical candidates. There are also known genetic predispositions for corneal ectasia, and recent genetic analyses have revealed various genes and inflammatory biomolecular markers related to corneal biomechanical integrity. Other models of risk assessment such as finite element biomechanical modeling and artifi...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - June 6, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: CORNEAL AND EXTERNAL DISORDERS: Edited by Shahzad I. Mian Source Type: research
Intraocular lens calculations in patients with keratoectatic disorders
Purpose of review
Intraocular lens (IOL) calculations in patients with keratoconus and other keratoectatic disorders continues to be a challenge for today's cataract surgeon. In this article, we review data published over the past 18 months (June 2018 to January 2020).
Recent findings
Cataract surgery in keratoconus patients has the potential to greatly improve patients’ vision. However, keratoconic eyes are notorious for unpredictable outcomes because of difficulty in obtaining proper preoperative biometry and lack of data and consensus on IOL calculation formulas that can reliable in providing the desired outcome....
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - June 6, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: CORNEAL AND EXTERNAL DISORDERS: Edited by Shahzad I. Mian Source Type: research
Potential benefits of modified corneal tissue grafts for keratoconus: Bowman layer ‘inlay’ and ‘onlay’ transplantation, and allogenic tissue ring segments
Purpose of review
Keratoconus can be surgically challenging, especially in advanced cases. Classic corneal transplantation techniques, may often be associated with complications. New alternative procedures like isolated Bowman layer transplantation (as a corneal stromal inlay or as a corneal onlay) and corneal allogenic intrastromal ring segments (CAIRS) have recently shown promising results. The aim of this review is to describe the main new surgical developments for treating keratoconus.
Recent findings
Intrastromal Bowman layer transplantation has recently shown to be effective in halting keratoconus progression an...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - June 6, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: CORNEAL AND EXTERNAL DISORDERS: Edited by Shahzad I. Mian Source Type: research
Optimizing outcomes for keratoplasty in ectatic corneal disease
Purpose of review
Advanced keratectasia often requires corneal transplantation for restoration of vision. This review discusses the surgical approach suitable for these cases including significant updates in the current literature.
Recent findings
With greater understanding of ectatic corneal disease and its associated operative challenges, several modifications in the surgical approach have been developed. Identified predictive factors for successful pneumatic dissection and intraoperative complications have informed surgical planning and decision-making. In the setting of failed pneumatic dissection, sequential use ...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - June 6, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: CORNEAL AND EXTERNAL DISORDERS: Edited by Shahzad I. Mian Source Type: research
Refractive approaches to visual rehabilitation in patients with keratoconus
Purpose of review
As keratoconus is a chronic disease affecting young people, vision-related quality of life is often significantly impaired in patients with this disease. However, successful management of keratoconus, including visual rehabilitation strategies, can improve quality of life in these patients. This review will describe clinical approaches that improve vision-related quality of life in patients with stable keratoconus.
Recent findings
Several types of contact lenses including scleral lenses have been used successfully to manage keratoconus. Eyes with severe keratoconus, even those in which fitting with o...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - June 6, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: CORNEAL AND EXTERNAL DISORDERS: Edited by Shahzad I. Mian Source Type: research
Artificial intelligence in cornea, refractive, and cataract surgery
Purpose of review
The subject of artificial intelligence has recently been responsible for the advancement of many industries including aspects of medicine and many of its subspecialties. Within ophthalmology, artificial intelligence technology has found ways of improving the diagnostic and therapeutic processes in cornea, glaucoma, retina, and cataract surgery. As demands on the modern ophthalmologist grow, artificial intelligence can be utilized to help address increased demands of modern medicine and ophthalmology by adding to the physician's clinical and surgical acumen. The purpose of this review is to highlight the...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - June 6, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: REFRACTIVE SURGERY: Edited by Jimmy K. Lee Source Type: research
Refractive surgery for the patient with autoimmune diseases
Purpose of review
Autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases are considered contraindications for laser refractive surgeries according to the US Food and Drug Administration's guideline. This guideline, however, is based on limited case reports or complications reported during other intraocular procedures. There have been only a handful of new clinical studies that evaluate the efficacy and safety of refractive surgery in this specific patient population. The aim of this article is to review currently available research and offer updated recommendations for the evaluation and management of laser refractive surgery (LRS) in ...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - June 6, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: REFRACTIVE SURGERY: Edited by Jimmy K. Lee Source Type: research
Oculoplastic considerations for refractive procedures
Purpose of review
Refractive surgery is one of the most popular elective procedures performed in the world. Given that dry eye is a common complaint following keratorefractive surgery, evaluation, and treatment of periocular conditions that further predispose the patient to dry eye symptoms is an important part of the presurgical assessment. Periocular conditions and surgeries can also affect the ocular surface and keratometry, and should be addressed. For example, ptosis, orbital fat herniation, ectropion, and eyelid masses have been shown to induce corneal topography changes and astigmatism. The oculoplastic considerat...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - June 6, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: REFRACTIVE SURGERY: Edited by Jimmy K. Lee Source Type: research
Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative assessment of corneal biomechanics in refractive surgery
Purpose of review
To review current and emerging methods and utilities of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative measurements of corneal biomechanics and their effects on refractive surgery decision-making.
Recent findings
Several recent clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the utility of corneal biomechanical analysis in refractive surgery. These studies focus on both screening surgical candidates for keratoconic disease as well as intraoperative and postoperative monitoring. The measurement of spatially resolved biomechanics is beginning to be studied in humans.
Summary
Clinically available...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - June 6, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: REFRACTIVE SURGERY: Edited by Jimmy K. Lee Source Type: research
Redefining vision assessment
Purpose of review
This review outlines ophthalmic diagnostic systems, which objectively evaluates the human visual system and its potential beyond that of Snellen acuity.
Recent findings
Advances in ophthalmic diagnostic systems have allowed for a deeper understanding of the optical principles of the human eye and have created the opportunity to evolve our current standards of vision assessment beyond Snellen acuity charts. Definitive comparative and validation trials will continue to be necessary in order for these advanced diagnostics to gain more widespread acceptance in the specialty, in addition to providing the ...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - June 6, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: REFRACTIVE SURGERY: Edited by Jimmy K. Lee Source Type: research
