Ocular manifestations of Blau syndrome
This article summarizes the systemic and ocular manifestations of Blau syndrome, its genetic basis, and reviews recently published literature.
Recent findings
A large multicenter prospective case series is underway, with 3-year preliminary results indicating the prevalence of uveitis, clinical characteristics and early data on its visual prognosis. Case reports have demonstrated the successful use of newer biologic agents.
Summary
Blau syndrome is an exceedingly rare autoinflammatory disorder with skin, joint and eye manifestations. It is caused by autosomal dominant mutations of the NOD2 protein. Eye involvement is ...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - October 3, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE: Edited by John A. Gonzales Source Type: research
An update on the diagnosis and management of ocular sarcoidosis
Purpose of review
Ocular sarcoidosis is one of the most common causes of uveitis worldwide. The diagnosis and treatment of patients with ocular sarcoidosis remains challenging in some cases. It is important for clinicians to keep up to date with new diagnostic and treatment tools for this disease.
Recent findings
The International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis diagnostic criteria were first proposed in 2009 and revised in 2017. The new criteria contained two parts: ocular presentation and systemic investigation. The diagnostic value of liver enzymes was reduced in the new criteria, whereas the value placed of lymphop...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - October 3, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE: Edited by John A. Gonzales Source Type: research
Ocular leprosy: from bench to bedside
Purpose of review
Ocular manifestations of leprosy do occur despite advances in the areas of leprosy research. Understanding the nuances in the domain shall guide the clinician for effective patient-centered care.
Recent findings
Despite the existence of microbiologic cure for leprosy, ocular manifestations of this disease do occur. Advances in genetic and genomic studies have better characterized the interaction that the bacteria has with the host. The ocular features vary with the spectrum of the disease. Its careful correlation can help to predict the bacillary load of the patient. Investigations are particularly r...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - October 3, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE: Edited by John A. Gonzales Source Type: research
Retinal vascular manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea
Purpose of review
The aim of this article is to summarize up-to-date research on the effects of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on retinal vascular conditions.
Recent findings
OSA is associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, and central serous chorioretinopathy. The severity of OSA and biomarkers such as the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) correlate with the severity of retinal disease. Dysregulation of circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) genes that govern circadian rhythm is associated with development of proliferative retinal disease.
Summary
OSA and retinal vascular ...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - October 3, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE: Edited by John A. Gonzales Source Type: research
Ocular rosacea
Purpose of review
To revisit ocular rosacea as an underappreciated condition which can cause permanent blindness if inadequately treated, and to review data supporting improved diagnostic and treatment strategies.
Recent findings
Ocular rosacea has an underrecognized prevalence in children and individuals with darker skin tone. Rosacea has several associations with other significant systemic diseases. Variations in local and systemic microbiome, including demodex infestation, may play a role in pathogenesis, severity, and in explaining the different phenotypes of rosacea. The National Rosacea Society Expert Committee ...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - October 3, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE: Edited by John A. Gonzales Source Type: research
Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of Susac syndrome
Purpose of review
This review discusses general features and organ-specific presentations of Susac syndrome as well as diagnosis and treatment.
Recent findings
Latest literature regarding demographics, new diagnostic modalities such as optical coherence tomography and treatment options for Susac syndrome are discussed in detail in this review, summarizing the most recent updated information.
Summary
Susac syndrome is a rare, underdiagnosed, and often misdiagnosed disease that can lead to severe complications such as deafness, vision loss, dementia, and death. It involves the central nervous system and may mimic oth...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - October 3, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY: Edited by Dean M. Cestari Source Type: research
Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of coronavirus disease 19
Purpose of review
To provide a summary of the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), documented in the literature thus far.
Recent findings
A small but growing literature documents cases of new onset neuro-ophthalmic disease, in the setting of COVID-19 infection. Patients with COVID-19 have experienced acute onset vision loss, optic neuritis, cranial neuropathies, and Miller Fisher syndrome. In addition, COVID-19 increases the risk of cerebrovascular diseases that can impact the visual system.
Summary
The literature on COVID-19 continues to evolve. Although COVID-19 primarily impacts ...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - October 3, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY: Edited by Dean M. Cestari Source Type: research
Eye pain in the white and quiet eye
Purpose of review
Eye pain is one of the most common presenting symptoms in ophthalmology. It can range from bothersome to debilitating for patients, and it can be vexing for clinicians, especially in the white and quiet eye. The purpose of this review is to provide updates of recent literature regarding eye pain and to communicate our current understanding regarding the evaluation and management of conditions that cause eye pain with a relatively normal examination.
Recent findings
This review concerns recent literature regarding eye pain in the white and quiet eye. It is arranged by cause of pain and discusses dry e...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - October 3, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY: Edited by Dean M. Cestari Source Type: research
Visual hallucinations in psychiatric, neurologic, and ophthalmologic disease
Purpose of review
Recent studies have increased our understanding of the biochemical and structural bases of visual hallucinations in patients with a variety of underlying causes.
Recent findings
Visual hallucinations may be related to disruption of functional connectivity networks, with underlying biochemical dysfunction such as decreased in cholinergic activity. Structural abnormalities in primary and higher order visual processing areas also have been found in patients with visual hallucinations. The occurrence of visual hallucinations after vision loss, the Charles Bonnet syndrome, may have more functional similar...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - October 3, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY: Edited by Dean M. Cestari Source Type: research
Orbital disease in neuro-ophthalmology
Purpose of review
Orbital disease represents a diverse spectrum of pathology and can result in a variety of neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. The aim of this review is to provide updates on recent advances in our understanding of orbital disease secondary to thyroid eye disease, myositis, IgG4-related disease, sarcoidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis and various tumours.
Recent findings
With regards to thyroid eye disease, there have been recent advances in the development of steroid-sparing therapies, new modalities for objectively monitoring disease activity and increased understanding of the role of environment...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - October 3, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY: Edited by Dean M. Cestari Source Type: research
Update on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Purpose of review
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is an autoimmune disease that causes optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. Attacks can cause severe neurological damage leading to blindness and paralysis. Understanding of the immunopathogenesis of this disease has led to major breakthroughs in diagnosis and treatment. In the past 18 months, three successful phase 3 clinical trials have been published using targeted approaches to preventing relapses.
Recent findings
Updates in epidemiology, imaging, quality of life and treatment for acute relapse and prevention have been published in the past 18 months. Epide...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - October 3, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY: Edited by Dean M. Cestari Source Type: research
Optic nerve sheath meningioma
This article provides an overview as well as an update on the ONSMs with regards to cause, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management in adults and pediatric population.
Recent findings
The clinical presentation and prognosis of ONSMs can vary and largely depend on the location of tumor as well as the histologic type. Overall, the diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, examination, and neuroimaging findings. Nevertheless, delays in diagnosis or misdiagnosis are not uncommon and can result in higher morbidity rates. Recent advances in diagnostic as well as more effective and less-invasive treatm...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - October 3, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY: Edited by Dean M. Cestari Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology)
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - October 3, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Artificial intelligence in ophthalmology during COVID-19 and in the post COVID-19 era
Purpose of review
To highlight artificial intelligence applications in ophthalmology during the COVID-19 pandemic that can be used to: describe ocular findings and changes correlated with COVID-19; extract information from scholarly articles on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 specific to ophthalmology; and implement efficient patient triage and telemedicine care.
Recent findings
Ophthalmology has been leading in artificial intelligence and technology applications. With medical imaging analysis, pixel-annotated distinguishable features on COVID-19 patients may help with noninvasive diagnosis and severity outcome predictions. U...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 13, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: COVID19: Edited by Allen Chiang and Prithvi Mruthyunjaya Source Type: research
The use of personal protective equipment in clinical ophthalmology during corona virus disease-2019: a review of international guidelines and literature
Purpose of review
The use of nonpharmaceutical interventions can prevent viral spread in COVID-19 pandemic and PPE forms a crucial part of this strategy. However, there are discrepancies in existing guidelines and a lack of consensus among ophthalmic communities. This review aims to identify general consensus and provides recommendation of PPE for most common ophthalmological scenarios. With a global shortage of PPE, extended use and reuse strategies are also discussed.
Recent findings
In this review, guidelines and resources were selected, based on a three-tier process. The first-tier resources were from internationa...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - August 13, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: COVID19: Edited by Allen Chiang and Prithvi Mruthyunjaya Source Type: research
