Drug-related adverse effects of antivascular endothelial growth factor agents
Purpose of review
Antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents have provided historic therapeutic breakthroughs in the treatment of retinal disease. New anti-VEGF agents are emerging for the treatment of retinal vascular diseases. Both systemic and ocular adverse effect need to be understood in managing patients. This review aims to highlight the adverse effects seen with routine use of bevacizumab, ranibizumab and aflibercept, as well as with new medications such as brolucizumab and abicipar.
Recent findings
We review the recent findings of intraocular inflammation (IOI) of brolucizumab and abicipar in ...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - March 31, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: RETINAL, VITREOUS AND MACULAR DISORDERS: Edited by Brandon G. Busbee and John W. Kitchens Source Type: research
Radiation therapy for uveal melanoma: a review of treatment methods available in 2021
Purpose of review
Radiation therapy has become the standard of care for the treatment of uveal melanoma. We intend to outline the current radiation therapy methods that are employed to treat uveal melanoma. We will outline their relative benefits over one another. We will also provide some background about radiation therapy in general to accustom the ophthalmologists likely reading this review.
Recent findings
Four main options exist for radiation therapy of uveal melanoma. Because the eye is a small space, and because melanomas are relatively radioresistant, oncologists treating uveal melanoma must deliver high...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - March 31, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: RETINAL, VITREOUS AND MACULAR DISORDERS: Edited by Brandon G. Busbee and John W. Kitchens Source Type: research
Multimodal imaging in infectious and noninfectious intermediate, posterior and panuveitis
Purpose of review
Given the heterogeneity of uveitis, markers of inflammation vary from patient to patient. Multimodal imaging has proven itself to be critical for accurate evaluation for disease activity and treatment response in uveitis.
Recent findings
Ultra-widefield (UWF) fluorescein angiography and autofluorescence (AF) as well as optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) have provided insights into disease pathogenesis and monitoring not previously appreciated. In addition to structural retinal imaging, OCT can be used to assess the choroid, the posterior cortical vitreous and the retinal vasculatur...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - March 31, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: RETINAL, VITREOUS AND MACULAR DISORDERS: Edited by Brandon G. Busbee and John W. Kitchens Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology)
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - March 31, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Safety profile of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery
This article reviews the safety profile of trabecular meshwork/Schlemm's canal-based, subconjunctival, and suprachoroidal minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS).
Recent findings
Prospective randomized clinical trials and metaanalyses published during the 2019–2020 review period provided important data regarding the safety profile of trabecular meshwork/Schlemm's canal-based MIGS. Transient hyphema and intraocular pressure spikes are among the most common complications associated with this category of MIGS, but more serious adverse events such as cyclodialysis cleft formation may also occur. Trabecular bypass m...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 13, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research
History, presence, and future of mitomycin C in glaucoma filtration surgery
Purpose of review
Mitomycin C (MMC) is an alkylating agent with extraordinary ability to crosslink DNA, preventing DNA synthesis. By this virtue, MMC is an important antitumor drug. In addition, MMC has become the gold standard medication for glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). This eye surgery creates a passage for drainage of aqueous humor (AqH) out of the eye into the sub-Tenon's space with the aim of lowering the intraocular pressure. A major cause of failure of this operation is fibrosis and scarring in the sub-Tenon's space, which will restrict AqH outflow. Intraoperative application of MMC during GFS has increase...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 13, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research
Is laser trabeculoplasty the new star in glaucoma treatment?
Purpose of review
For decades, laser trabeculoplasty has been a well-proven therapeutic option in glaucoma management, and more recently, it has only gained in popularity. One reason for such popularity is that selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is a therapy independent of patient adherence, which is typically low among glaucoma patients. Consequently, the number of studies on SLT has multiplied throughout the past years. This review provides an overview of studies on SLT from the last 12 months.
Recent findings
The studies on treatment outcome show a wide range of success rates of SLT reaching between 18 and...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 13, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research
New strategies for the management of ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients
Purpose of review
Glaucoma patients commonly suffer from ocular surface disease (OSD). As treatment strategies, medications and devices for the treatment of OSD as well as glaucoma surgical approaches evolve rapidly, it is important to consider their application to these patients.
Recent findings
OSD in glaucoma patients may lead to reduced reliability of diagnostic tests, decreased medication compliance, poor surgical outcomes, and overall decreased quality of life. Chronic use of topical glaucoma medications has been linked to the development of limbal stem cell deficiency, and the role of preservatives in OSD...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 13, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research
Advances in medical therapy for glaucoma
Purpose of review
To discuss a new class of medication that has recently become available for the treatment of glaucoma; as well as share insights into developments in glaucoma medicine administration which has the potential to revolutionize medical therapy for glaucoma.
Recent findings
Newly available eye drops, netarsudil 0.02% and latanoprostene bunod 0.024%, are improving aqueous outflow through the conventional outflow tract. Other new developments in medical glaucoma are focused on alternative methods for sustained glaucoma medication delivery.
Summary
Newer medications may be able to extend the dur...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 13, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome and glaucoma: from genes to disease mechanisms
Purpose of review
The genetic basis of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome, the most common identifiable cause of open-angle glaucoma, is steadily being elucidated. This review summarizes the recent advances on genetic risk factors for PEX syndrome/glaucoma and their potential functional implications in PEX pathophysiology.
Recent findings
As of today, seven loci associated with the risk of PEX surpassing genome-wide significance have been identified by well-powered genome-wide association studies and sequencing efforts. LOXL1 (lysyl oxidase-like 1) represents the major genetic effect locus, although the biological...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 13, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research
Artificial intelligence and complex statistical modeling in glaucoma diagnosis and management
Purpose of review
The field of artificial intelligence has grown exponentially in recent years with new technology, methods, and applications emerging at a rapid rate. Many of these advancements have been used to improve the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. We aim to provide an overview of recent publications regarding the use of artificial intelligence to enhance the detection and treatment of glaucoma.
Recent findings
Machine learning classifiers and deep learning algorithms have been developed to autonomously detect early structural and functional changes of glaucoma using different imaging and testing m...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 13, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research
Recent developments in the use of optical coherence tomography for glaucoma
Purpose of review
The aim of this article is to summarize findings of recent reports highlighting the utility of novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in the diagnosis and monitoring of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Recent findings
Optic nerve head (ONH), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and macular parameters show high levels of diagnostic capability. The Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) measurement is a novel ONH parameter obtained using the Spectralis SD-OCT device (Heidelberg Engineering, Inc., Heidelberg, Germany). The inferotemporal BMO-MRW sector shows the highest diagn...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 13, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research
Advances in perimetry for glaucoma
Purpose of review
Perimetry remains important for the diagnosis and management of glaucoma despite advances in imaging technology. The purpose of this review is to describe advances in the acquisition and analysis of visual field data and highlight novel techniques for performing perimetry.
Recent findings
Studies have focused on improving the detection of patients at highest risk of severe vision loss and the development of innovative testing strategies that allow for more frequent testing. Artificial intelligence has been utilized in research settings to improve detection and characterization of glaucomatous f...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 13, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research
The role of clinical examination of the optic nerve head in glaucoma today
Purpose of review
The study was undertaken to assess the current importance of clinical examination of the optic nerve head (ONH) in glaucoma management.
Recent findings
ONH changes in glaucoma are easily assessed with good specificity on examination, whereas imaging has not been able to identify pallor of the neuroretinal rim (NRR), disc hemorrhages, or vascular signs of acquired cupping. Glaucomatous neuropathy in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) has extensive databases on imaging machines, however, other glaucomas such as primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG), congenital...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 13, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research
Glaucoma care during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Purpose of review
The current article reviews the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the delivery of ophthalmic, and specifically, glaucoma care.
Recent findings
Literature from the review period includes case series demonstrating the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in the conjunctival secretions of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. The global ophthalmology community published reports outlining the enhanced infection control measures undertaken by different institutions around the world to mitigate transmission of the novel coronavirus. Teleme...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 13, 2021 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research
