The evolving field of Big Data: understanding geographic information systems analysis and its transformative potential in ophthalmic research
Purpose of review The purpose of this review to is to highlight alternative uses of Big Data in the pursuit of ophthalmologic public health. In particular, we highlight geographic information systems (GIS) analysis as a type of Big Data, summarize various GIS methods, and enumerate sources of geographic data. Recent findings The recent implementation of the IRIS Registry Data, has expanded our real-world knowledge of ophthalmology in the United States. Such innovations in Big Data allow us to better define ophthalmic diseases, treatments, and outcomes for underserved individuals and subpopulations. One underutil...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - May 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH: Edited by Jason Hsu and Sunir J. Garg Source Type: research

Novel technical and privacy-preserving technology for artificial intelligence in ophthalmology
Purpose of review The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine and ophthalmology has experienced exponential breakthroughs in recent years in diagnosis, prognosis, and aiding clinical decision-making. The use of digital data has also heralded the need for privacy-preserving technology to protect patient confidentiality and to guard against threats such as adversarial attacks. Hence, this review aims to outline novel AI-based systems for ophthalmology use, privacy-preserving measures, potential challenges, and future directions of each. Recent findings Several key AI algorithms used to improve dise...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - May 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH: Edited by Jason Hsu and Sunir J. Garg Source Type: research

Brolucizumab for the treatment of diabetic macular edema
Purpose of review To review the available data supporting the use of brolucizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). Recent findings Brolucizumab is a humanized single- chain variable antibody fragment (scFv), the smallest functional subunit of an antibody approved for intravitreal use. Three phase III studies demonstrate that at 52 weeks, brolucizumab has statistically superior anatomical outcomes of reducing retinal thickness (54.0–57.5% of brolucizumab treated eyes achieved central subfield thickness (Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology)
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - May 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: RETINAL, VITREOUS AND MACULAR DISORDERS: Edited by Brandon G. Busbee and John W. Kitchens Source Type: research

Stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis and an approach to the differential diagnosis of macular star
Purpose of review This review aims to introduce stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis (SNIFR) and its differential diagnosis. We summarize findings from case reports and series published in the last few years on the clinical and imaging findings in SNIFR. Recent findings SNIFR presents as either a unilateral or bilateral macular star on fundus examination without clinical or imaging evidence of exudation or frank vitreomacular traction. optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging shows schisis cavities in the Henle fibre and outer plexiform layers that correspond to the stellate en face fin...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - May 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: RETINAL, VITREOUS AND MACULAR DISORDERS: Edited by Brandon G. Busbee and John W. Kitchens Source Type: research

Occlusive retinal vasculitis: novel insights into causes, pathogenesis and treatment
Purpose of review Occlusive retinal vasculitis (ORV) has a large differential diagnosis and varied therapeutic approaches. This review highlights existing and novel causes and treatment options for ORV. Recent findings Mutations in CAPN5, TREX1, and TNFAIP3 have been associated with dominantly inherited forms of ORV. Various intraocular therapeutics have been shown to occasionally cause ORV; the most recent medications associated with ORV are vancomycin and brolucizumab. In cases of ORV linked to Behçet's disease, clinical trials support the use of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors. Summary Identifi...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - May 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: RETINAL, VITREOUS AND MACULAR DISORDERS: Edited by Brandon G. Busbee and John W. Kitchens Source Type: research

Complications of intravitreal injections: 2022
Purpose of review This review highlights the complications of both intravitreal injection procedure as well as different intravitreal medications including antivascular endothelial growth factors, antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, methotrexate, and steroids. Techniques for reducing rates of endophthalmitis will also be discussed. Recent findings Intravitreal vancomycin can cause hemorrhagic occlusive retinal vasculitis resulting in severe vision loss. Intravitreal brolucizumab is associated with intraocular inflammation and retinal vasculitis resulting in significant vision loss. Face mask use by both patien...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - May 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: RETINAL, VITREOUS AND MACULAR DISORDERS: Edited by Brandon G. Busbee and John W. Kitchens Source Type: research

Development of the Port Delivery System with ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Purpose of review This review provides background on the remaining unmet needs with antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). We also discuss the developmental story of the Port Delivery System with ranibizumab (PDS; SUSVIMO, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA). Recent findings Real-world studies have shown that undertreatment is a major reason for continued vision loss in the anti-VEGF era. As a result, there is a need for long-acting anti-VEGF treatment options for patients with nAMD, diabetic macular edema, and ...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - May 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: RETINAL, VITREOUS AND MACULAR DISORDERS: Edited by Brandon G. Busbee and John W. Kitchens Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology)
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - May 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

Endothelial cell loss associated with minimally invasive glaucoma surgery
Purpose of review Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) represents a safer, albeit moderately effective surgical option for intraocular pressure control. However, the CyPass Micro-Stent (Alcon Laboratories) was withdrawn from the market in 2018 as the COMPASS-XT study demonstrated greater cornea endothelial cell (CEC) loss in patients who received the CyPass Micro-Stent with phacoemulsification compared with phacoemulsification alone. This led to the increased attention on MIGS-associated CEC loss and thus, this review will summarise the recent, available evidence on MIGS-associated CEC loss. Recent findings ...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 10, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research

The role of trabeculectomy in the era of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery
Purpose of review This review discusses recent findings in surgical management of glaucoma, focusing on trabeculectomy and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). We discuss how the role these procedures play in conjunction with phacoemulsification. Recent findings New findings of the Primary Trab Vs Tube study and findings regarding the Hydrus, Xen 45, Kahook dual blade, Ab-interno Canaloplasty and head-to-head MIGS studies are summarized. Summary Patients with glaucoma greatly benefit from combining cataract surgery with a MIGS procedure that can be tailored to disease severity and medication use. C...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 10, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research

New views on three-dimensional imaging technologies for glaucoma: an overview
Purpose of review To summarize the literature on three-dimensional (3D) technological advances in ophthalmology, the quantitative methods associated with this, and their improved ability to help detect glaucoma disease progression. Recent findings Improvements in measuring glaucomatous structural changes are the result of dual innovations in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging technology and in associated quantitative software. Summary Compared with two-dimensional (2D) OCT parameters, newer 3D parameters provide more data and fewer artifacts. (Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology)
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 10, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research

Juvenile open angle glaucoma: current diagnosis and management
Purpose of review The aim of this article is to summarize up-to-date research on the diagnosis and management of juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG). Recent findings JOAG can be subclassified into four clinical phenotypes, and faster myopic shift is a risk factor for disease progression. Vessel density is associated with structural damage and worsening visual acuity in JOAG and can be monitored with optical coherence tomography angiography. Genetic studies have revealed molecular causes of JOAG including variants in CPAMD8, MYOC, and CYP1B1. Tube shunt surgeries as well as gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabec...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 10, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research

Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in childhood glaucoma
Purpose of review Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) has been shown to be safe and effective in treatment of mild to moderate glaucoma in adults, but reports in childhood glaucoma are limited. We review the available data concerning MIGS and discuss its potential role in childhood glaucoma management. Recent findings Ab interno counterparts to circumferential ab externo trabeculotomy such as gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) and Trab360 show promise in treatment of primary glaucomas as reported in a few retrospective case series. Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) and Trabectome have demonstrate...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 10, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research

Glaucoma and biomechanics
Purpose of review Biomechanics is an important aspect of the complex family of diseases known as the glaucomas. Here, we review recent studies of biomechanics in glaucoma. Recent findings Several tissues have direct and/or indirect biomechanical roles in various forms of glaucoma, including the trabecular meshwork, cornea, peripapillary sclera, optic nerve head/sheath, and iris. Multiple mechanosensory mechanisms and signaling pathways continue to be identified in both the trabecular meshwork and optic nerve head. Further, the recent literature describes a variety of approaches for investigating the role of tiss...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 10, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research

Cerebrospinal fluid and ophthalmic disease
Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to discuss the contemporary body of literature examining the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and ophthalmic disease. This review focuses on diseases that have a pathogenesis related to the translaminar pressure difference, defined as the pressure difference between the orbital subarachnoid space (OSAS) and the intraocular pressure. The diseases discussed include glaucoma, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome. Recent findings The relationship between cerebrospinal and ophthalmic disease has been invest...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - February 10, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: GLAUCOMA: Edited by Donald L. Budenz Source Type: research