Role of corneal biopsy in the management of infectious keratitis
Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to review the existing literature and investigate the role of microbiologic culture and histopathologic examination of corneal biopsies in the management of infectious keratitis.
Recent findings
Corneal biopsy continues to be a significantly useful tool in the diagnosis and tailored management of infectious keratitis. Several techniques can be employed for tissue collection, handling and processing to optimize diagnostic yield and maximize safety, including emerging femtosecond laser-assisted biopsy.
Summary
Corneal opacities represent a significant cause of glo...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - July 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: CORNEAL AND EXTERNAL DISORDERS: Edited by Shahzad I. Mian Source Type: research
Therapy for contact lens-related ulcers
Purpose of review
The current review covers the current literature and practice patterns of antimicrobial therapy for contact lens-related microbial keratitis (CLMK). Although the majority of corneal ulcers are bacterial, fungus and acanthamoeba are substantial contributors in CLMK and are harder to treat due to the lack of commercially available topical medications and low efficacy of available topical therapy.
Recent findings
Topical antimicrobials remain the mainstay of therapy for corneal ulcers. Fluoroquinolones may be used as monotherapy for small, peripheral bacterial ulcers. Antibiotic resistance is a pe...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - July 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: CORNEAL AND EXTERNAL DISORDERS: Edited by Shahzad I. Mian Source Type: research
Cell therapy in corneal endothelial disease
Purpose of review
Endothelial keratoplasty is the current gold standard for treating corneal endothelial diseases, achieving excellent visual outcomes and rapid rehabilitation. There are, however, severe limitations to donor tissue supply and uneven access to surgical teams and facilities across the globe. Cell therapy is an exciting approach that has shown promising early results. Herein, we review the latest developments in cell therapy for corneal endothelial disease.
Recent findings
We highlight the work of several groups that have reported successful functional outcomes of cell therapy in animal models, wit...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - July 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: CORNEAL AND EXTERNAL DISORDERS: Edited by Shahzad I. Mian Source Type: research
Pilocarpine 1.25% and the changing landscape of presbyopia treatment
Purpose of review
Despite affecting approximately 1.8 billion individuals worldwide, until recently, a pharmacologic treatment for presbyopia was not available. This special commentary reviews the treatment of presbyopia with a focus on the recently approved medication Vuity (pilocarpine 1.25%, Allergan, an AbbVie Company).
Recent Findings
Vuity is a re-engineered formulation of pilocarpine 1.25% specifically designed for the treatment of presbyopia. Recently published results from the GEMINI 1 Phase 3 clinical trial reported improvement in distance corrected near vision without significant compromise in distanc...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - July 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: REFRACTIVE SURGERY: Edited by Jimmy K. Lee Source Type: research
Epithelial thickness mapping for corneal refractive surgery
Purpose of review
As more devices become available that offer corneal epithelial thickness mapping, this is becoming more widely used for numerous applications in corneal refractive surgery.
Recent findings
The epithelial thickness profile is nonuniform in the normal eye, being thinner superiorly than inferiorly and thinner temporally than nasally. Changes in the epithelial thickness profile are highly predictable, responding to compensate for changes in the stromal curvature gradient, using the eyelid as an outer template. This leads to characteristic changes that can be used for early screening in keratoconus,...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - July 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: REFRACTIVE SURGERY: Edited by Jimmy K. Lee Source Type: research
The preoperative management of meibomian gland dysfunction prior to corneal refractive surgery
Purpose of review
To describe the significance of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in corneal refractive surgery and to describe available approaches to preoperative evaluation and treatment based on current research.
Recent findings
There are several methods available for the evaluation and treatment of MGD. These are relevant for refractive surgeons to understand, as the presence of MGD preoperatively plays a role in the severity of MGD after corneal refractive surgery. Refractive surgery itself can exacerbate MGD. Treatment of MGD prior to surgery may have a meaningful impact on postoperative MGD.
Summary...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - July 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: REFRACTIVE SURGERY: Edited by Jimmy K. Lee Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology)
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - July 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Corneal hysteresis: ready for prime time?
Purpose of the review
This review summarizes recent findings on corneal hysteresis, a biomechanical property of the cornea. Corneal hysteresis measurements can be easily acquired clinically and may serve as surrogate markers for biomechanical properties of tissues in the back of the eye, like the lamina cribrosa and peripapillary sclera, which may be related to the susceptibility to glaucomatous damage.
Recent findings
Several studies have provided evidence of the associations between corneal hysteresis and clinically relevant outcomes in glaucoma. Corneal hysteresis has been shown to be predictive of glaucoma d...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - May 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: SPECIAL COMMENTARY Source Type: research
Clinical outcomes of slow-coagulation continuous-wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation laser for treatment of glaucoma
Purpose of review
The complications and inadequate efficacy of prior cyclodestructive procedures limited their role in glaucoma management. Recent advances in treatment techniques and parameters for laser cyclophotocoagulation has expanded its role in today's glaucoma practice. In this review, we discuss the treatment outcomes of slow-coagulation continuous-wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (CW-TSCPC) as a glaucoma surgical procedure for multiple types of glaucoma in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP).
Recent findings
Slow-coagulation TSCPC is a relatively new technique for CW-TSCPC that, unlike the ‘po...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - May 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: SPECIAL COMMENTARY Source Type: research
Editorial: Introduction to Translational Research Section 2022
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology)
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - May 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH: Edited by Jason Hsu and Sunir J. Garg Source Type: research
Beyond traditional subjective refraction
This article aims to review recent technologies and novel approaches attempting to improve this traditional procedure.
Recent findings
From laboratory prototypes to commercial instruments, the proposed methods aim to perform reliable and fast subjective refractions, following different approaches: using motorized phoropters in combination with automatic algorithms or even self-refraction, hybridizing objective and subjective measurements within the same instruments, or using new visual tasks beyond letter identification of blur estimation to obtain the refractive error subjectively.
Summary
The current trend ...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - May 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH: Edited by Jason Hsu and Sunir J. Garg Source Type: research
Translational and clinical advancements in management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Purpose of review
Despite advancement in the surgical instrumentation and techniques, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) remains the most common cause for failure of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. This review discusses ongoing translational and clinical advancements in PVR.
Recent findings
PVR represents an exaggerated and protracted scarring process that can occur after RRD. The primary cell types involved are retinal pigment epithelium, glial, and inflammatory cells. They interact with growth factors and cytokines derived from the breakdown of the blood–retinal barrier that trigger a casc...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - May 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH: Edited by Jason Hsu and Sunir J. Garg Source Type: research
Stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium transplantation in age-related macular degeneration: recent advances and challenges
Purpose of review
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss in the world with more than 80% of the prevalence accounted for by the nonneovascular (NNAMD) or ‘dry’ form of the disease. NNAMD does not have any definitive treatment once vision loss has ensued and presents a major unmet medical need. This review will highlight stem cell-based therapies that are a promising form of treatment for advanced NNAMD.
Recent findings
In the past decade, clinical trials utilizing both induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE and human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE ...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - May 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH: Edited by Jason Hsu and Sunir J. Garg Source Type: research
Proteomics in uveal melanoma
This article reviews the latest proteomic research on uveal melanoma.
Recent findings
Proteomic analysis of uveal melanoma cell lines and tissue specimens has improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of uveal melanoma and helped identify potential prognostic biomarkers. Circulating proteins in patient serum may aid in the surveillance of metastatic disease. The proteomes of aqueous and vitreous biopsy specimens may provide safer biomarkers for metastatic risk and candidate therapeutic targets in uveal melanoma. Proteomic analysis has the potential to benefit patient outcomes by improving diagnosis, prognost...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - May 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH: Edited by Jason Hsu and Sunir J. Garg Source Type: research
Gut microbiome and retinal diseases: an updated review
Purpose of review
The gut microbiome, trillions of microorganisms residing in our digestive tract, is now believed to play a significant role in retinal diseases. Breakthroughs in computational biology and specialized animal models have allowed researchers not only to characterize microbes associated with retinal diseases, but also to provide early insights into the function of the microbiome in relation to biological processes in the retinal microenvironment. This review aims to provide an update on recent advances in the current knowledge on the relationship between the gut microbiome and retinal disorders.
Recent...
Source: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - May 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Tags: TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH: Edited by Jason Hsu and Sunir J. Garg Source Type: research
