Splice correction therapies for familial hypercholesterolemic patients with low-density lipoprotein receptor mutations
Purpose of review
Antisense oligomers (ASOs) have been available for decades: however, only recently have these molecules been applied clinically. This review aims to discuss the possible development of antisense-mediated splice correction therapies as precision medicines for familial hypercholesterolemic patients carrying mutations that compromise normal splicing of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene transcript.
Recent findings
Three antisense drugs are currently being assessed in ongoing clinical trials for dyslipidemias, aiming to lower the plasma concentrations of lipoproteins that lead to end-...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 16, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Dyslipidemia and aortic valve disease
Purpose of review
Degenerative aortic stenosis (AS) is one of the most prevalent heart valve diseases in the adult population. The understanding of AS pathophysiology and involved risk factors have recently undergone a great advance, with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and other clinical conditions taking on a relevant role. Although little is known about the prevention of AS, we can progressively find more evidence of the possible use of drugs to control risk factors as tools that may delay the progression to severe AS and aortic valve replacement.
Recent findings
Several f...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 16, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
The power of lipid registries for cardiovascular disease prevention
Purpose of review
Lipid registry-based research is a valuable tool for assessing current lipid management in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Results of several registries are useful for improving clinical practice highlight gaps between guidelines and their implementation and potential impact on population health. We summarize recent clinical studies based on lipid registries.
Recent findings
Current guidelines for lipid management recommend high-intensity statins and concomitant therapies such as ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibitors for high-risk patients. How...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 16, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
ANGPTL3 as therapeutic target
Purpose of review
Elevated LDL-C and triglycerides are important risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Although effective therapies for lipid lowering exist, many people do not reach their treatment targets. In the last two decades, ANGPTL3 has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for lowering plasma LDL-C and triglycerides. Here, an overview of the recent literature on ANGPTL3 is provided, focusing on the therapeutic benefits of inactivation of ANGPTL3 via monoclonal antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, and other more nascent approaches. In addition, the potential mechanisms b...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 16, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 16, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Updates on genetics and molecular biology
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 8, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
Ketogenic therapies in mild cognitive impairment and dementia
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 8, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
From unbiased transcriptomics to understanding the molecular basis of atherosclerosis
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 8, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
Update on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular risk
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 8, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
HDL and persistent inflammation immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome
This study reviews the mechanisms of HDL cholesterol immunomodulation in the context of the mechanisms of chronic inflammation and immunosuppression causing persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome (PICS) and describes potential therapies and gaps in current research.
Recent findings
Low HDL cholesterol is predictive of acute sepsis severity and outcome. Recent research has indicated apolipoprotein is a prognostic indicator of long-term outcomes. The pathobiologic mechanisms of PICS have been elucidated in the past several years. Recent research of the interaction of HDL pathways in related...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 8, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CELL BIOLOGY AND LIPOPROTEINS: Edited by Mohamad Navab and Menno de Winther Source Type: research
Lipids and cardiovascular calcification: contributions to plaque vulnerability
Purpose of review
Cardiovascular calcification, a common feature of atherosclerotic lesions, has long been known to associate with cardiovascular risk. The roles of lipoproteins in atherosclerosis are also established, and lipid-modifying therapies have shown capacity for plaque regression. However, the association of lipid-modifying therapies with calcification is more complex, and currently no medical therapies have been found to reverse or attenuate calcification in patients. In this review, we summarize recent developments in our understanding of the interplay between lipids and cardiovascular calcification, as wel...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 8, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CELL BIOLOGY AND LIPOPROTEINS: Edited by Mohamad Navab and Menno de Winther Source Type: research
LDL receptor-related protein 1 and its interacting partners in tissue homeostasis
Purpose of review
LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifunctional protein with endocytic and signal transduction properties due to its interaction with numerous extracellular ligands and intracellular proteins. This brief review highlights key developments in identifying novel functions of LRP1 in liver, lung, and the central nervous system in disease pathogenesis.
Recent findings
In hepatocytes, LRP1 complexes with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase-1 and its related protein to maintain intracellular levels of phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate and preserve lysosome and mitochondria integ...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 8, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CELL BIOLOGY AND LIPOPROTEINS: Edited by Mohamad Navab and Menno de Winther Source Type: research
Metabolic regulation of macrophage proliferation and function in atherosclerosis
Purpose of review
Macrophage accumulation within atherosclerotic plaque is a primary driver of disease progression. However, recent advances in both phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of these cells have allowed for improved insight into potential regulation of macrophage function within lesions. In this review, we will discuss recent insights on macrophage heterogeneity, lipid processing, metabolism, and proliferation in atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we will identify outstanding questions in the field that are pertinent to future studies.
Recent findings
With the recent development of single-cell RNA seque...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 8, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CELL BIOLOGY AND LIPOPROTEINS: Edited by Mohamad Navab and Menno de Winther Source Type: research
The iterative lipid impact on inflammation in atherosclerosis
Purpose of review
Lipid-mediated atherogenesis is hallmarked by a chronic inflammatory state. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRLs), and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are causally related to atherosclerosis. Within the paradigm of endothelial activation and subendothelial lipid deposition, these lipoproteins induce numerous pro-inflammatory pathways. In this review, we will outline the effects of lipoproteins on systemic inflammatory pathways in atherosclerosis.
Recent findings
Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins exert a variety of pro-inflammatory effects, ranging from...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 8, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CELL BIOLOGY AND LIPOPROTEINS: Edited by Mohamad Navab and Menno de Winther Source Type: research
Extracellular matrix: paving the way to the newest trends in atherosclerosis
Purpose of review
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for all aspects of vascular pathobiology. In vascular disease the balance of its structural components is shifted. In atherosclerotic plaques there is in fact a dynamic battle between stabilizing and proinflammatory responses. This review explores the most recent strides that have been made to detail the active role of the ECM – and its main binding partners – in driving atherosclerotic plaque development and destabilization.
Recent findings
Proteoglycans-glycosaminoglycans (PGs-GAGs) synthesis and remodelling, as well as elastin synthesis, cross-l...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 8, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CELL BIOLOGY AND LIPOPROTEINS: Edited by Mohamad Navab and Menno de Winther Source Type: research
