Small dense low-density lipoprotein particles: clinically relevant?
Purpose of review
Levels of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (sdLDL) particles determined by several analytic procedures have been associated with risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This review focuses on the clinical significance of sdLDL measurement.
Recent findings
Results of multiple prospective studies have supported earlier evidence that higher levels of sdLDL are significantly associated with greater ASCVD risk, in many cases independent of other lipid and ASCVD risk factors as well as levels of larger LDL particles. A number of properties of sdLDL vs. larger LDL, including ...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - June 1, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: LIPID METABOLISM: Edited by John Chapman Source Type: research
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition after acute coronary syndrome or prior myocardial infarction
Purpose of review
Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with statins or ezetimibe reduces major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary heart disease. Additional treatment with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors may lower LDL-C to levels not achievable with conventional lipid-lowering agents. This review summarizes findings from two large, placebo-controlled trials that evaluated the cardiovascular efficacy of monoclonal antibodies directed against PCSK9, added to background statin therapy, in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular di...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - June 1, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: LIPID METABOLISM: Edited by John Chapman Source Type: research
Editorial introduction
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - June 1, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION Source Type: research
Current models of apolipoprotein A-I lipidation by adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1
Purpose of review
The primary cardioprotective function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is to remove excess cellular free cholesterol (FC) from peripheral tissues and deliver it to the liver. Here, we summarize recent research that examines apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) lipidation models by adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and discuss its relevance in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).
Recent findings
The first step in HDL formation involves the interaction between apoA-I and ABCA1, where ABCA1 mediates the removal of FC and phospholipids from lipid-laden macrophages to...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - March 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Edited by Robert A. Hegele Source Type: research
Therapeutic application of genome editing in dyslipidemia
Purpose of review
To summarize recent advances with respect to the use of genome editing to modify blood lipid levels in vivo.
Recent findings
Genome-editing technologies have been successfully used to target the PCSK9 gene in the livers of nonhuman primates and significantly reduce blood LDL cholesterol levels.
Summary
Multiple proof-of-concept nonhuman primate studies raise the prospect of genome editing empowering ‘one-and-done’ therapies for the treatment of dyslipidemic patients. (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - March 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Edited by Robert A. Hegele Source Type: research
Familial combined hyperlipidemia is a polygenic trait
Purpose of review
: Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH), defined by concurrently elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, has long been investigated to characterize its genetic basis. Despite almost half a century of searching, a single gene cause for the phenotype has not yet been identified.
Recent findings
: Recent studies using next-generation genetic analytic methods confirm that FCH has a polygenic basis, with a clear large contribution from the accumulation of small-to-moderate effect common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout the genome that is ass...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - March 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Edited by Robert A. Hegele Source Type: research
Preprint servers in lipidology: current status and future role
Purpose of review
Preprinting, or the sharing of non-peer reviewed, unpublished scholarly manuscripts, has exploded in all fields of science and medicine over the past 5 years. We searched the literature and evaluated the posting and uptake of preprint publications in the field of lipidology in bioRxiv and medRxiv servers. We also contacted the editorial offices of 20 journals that publish original research in lipidology to gauge their policies on preprints.
Recent findings
All 20 journals contacted indicated that they accepted preprints. As of 31 May 2021, 473 and 231 preprints in lipidology had been submitted ...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - March 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Edited by Robert A. Hegele Source Type: research
ANGPTL4: a new mode in the regulation of intravascular lipolysis
Purpose of review
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the rate-limiting enzyme for intravascular processing of circulating triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs). One emerging strategy for therapeutic lowering of plasma triglyceride levels aims at increasing the longevity of LPL activity by attenuating its inhibition from angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTL) 3, 4 and 8. This mini-review focuses on recent insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning the regulation of LPL activity in the intravascular unit by ANGPTLs with special emphasis on ANGPTL4.
Recent findings
Our knowledge on the molecular interplays between L...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - March 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Edited by Robert A. Hegele Source Type: research
CD36 (SR-B2) as master regulator of cellular fatty acid homeostasis
Purpose of review
Transmembrane glycoprotein cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is a scavenger receptor class B protein (SR-B2) that serves various functions in lipid metabolism and signaling, in particular facilitating the cellular uptake of long-chain fatty acids. Recent studies have disclosed CD36 to play a prominent regulatory role in cellular fatty acid metabolism in both health and disease.
Recent findings
The rate of cellular fatty acid uptake is short-term (i.e., minutes) regulated by the subcellular recycling of CD36 between endosomes and the plasma membrane. This recycling is governed by the activity...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - March 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Edited by Robert A. Hegele Source Type: research
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: advances in genetic and epigenetic implications
Purpose of review
Fatty liver associated with metabolic dysfunction, also known under the acronym NAFLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) is the leading global cause of chronic liver disease. In this review, we address the state of research on genetics and epigenetics of NAFLD with focus on key discoveries and conceptual advances over the past 2 years.
Recent findings
The analysis of NAFLD-associated genetic variant effects on the whole-transcriptome, including quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with gene expression (eQTL) or splicing (sQTL) may explain pleiotropic effects. Functional experiments on NAFLD...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - March 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Edited by Robert A. Hegele Source Type: research
Association of dietary patterns and components with atherosclerosis risk biomarkers in familial hypercholesterolemia
Purpose of review
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a relatively common genetic disorder associated with elevated atherosclerotic risk. Dietary interventions can modulate processes associated with cardiovascular risk and potentiate the impact of pharmacological lipid-lowering therapies. This review evaluates recent findings of dietary patterns and their components on risk biomarkers in people with FH.
Recent findings
Diets lower in saturated fatty acids (SFA) may reduce low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C); however, their effects seem to be modest. A Mediterranean style diet apparently exerts more rob...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - March 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Edited by Robert A. Hegele Source Type: research
Editorial introduction
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - March 10, 2022 Category: Lipidology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION Source Type: research
Brain lipid metabolism: the emerging role of lipid droplets in glial cells
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - December 29, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
Cholesterol in older age – it matters to mind
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - December 29, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
Very long-chain saturated fatty acids and diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Purpose of review
In contrast to other saturated fatty acids, very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFAs) have received limited attention The purpose of this review is to summarize the associations of VLSFAs, including arachidic acid, behenic acid, and lignoceric acid, with cardiovascular disease outcomes and type 2 diabetes; to discuss the findings implications; and to call for future studies of the VLSFAs.
Recent findings
Increased levels of circulating VLSFAs have been found associated with lower risks of incident heart failure, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, mortality, sudden cardiac arrest,...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - December 29, 2021 Category: Lipidology Tags: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM: Edited by Frank M. Sacks and Majken K. Jensen Source Type: research
