Fatty liver, cardiometabolic disease and mortality
Purpose of review
We discuss the findings of the most recent metanalyses on the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiometabolic disease and mortality.
Recent findings
Recent metanalyses have shown that NAFLD is associated with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which can be diagnosed by liver biopsy only in tertiary care centers, is often associated with liver fibrosis, which has been shown by metanalyses to increase both cardiovascular and liver-related mortality. Hyperlipidemia, lipotoxicity and impaired insu...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - January 2, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM: Edited by Frank M. Sacks and Majken K. Jensen Source Type: research
Dietary fructose and dyslipidemia: new mechanisms involving apolipoprotein CIII
Purpose of review
Chronic consumption of fructose and fructose-containing sugars leads to dyslipidemia. Apolipoprotein (apo) CIII is strongly associated with elevated levels of triglycerides and cardiovascular disease risk. We reviewed the effects of fructose consumption on apoCIII levels and the role of apoCIII in fructose-induced dyslipidemia.
Recent findings
Consumption of fructose increases circulating apoCIII levels compared with glucose. The more marked effects of fructose compared with glucose on apoCIII concentrations may involve the failure of fructose consumption to stimulate insulin secretion. The increase ...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - January 2, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM: Edited by Frank M. Sacks and Majken K. Jensen Source Type: research
Metabolomic and gene expression analysis to study the effects of dietary saturated and polyunsaturated fats
Purpose of review
Give an update on recent dietary intervention studies that have used peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression analysis and/or metabolic profiling to understand how intake of polyunsaturated and saturated fat affects and biological pathways linked to cardiovascular disease.
Recent findings
Several studies showed that intake of fish oil and vegetable oil, high in omega-3 fatty acids, reduced expression level of genes involved in inflammation. One intervention study showed that gene transcripts encoding genes involved inflammation and lipid metabolism increased after intake of polyunsaturated f...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - January 2, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM: Edited by Frank M. Sacks and Majken K. Jensen Source Type: research
Apolipoprotein M: new connections with diet, adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome
Purpose of review
To focus on state-of-the-art knowledge on the apolipoprotein M (ApoM) physiology and physiopathology regarding metabolism.
Recent findings
In humans, the ApoM was recently described as secreted by adipocytes. Obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes are associated with low circulating ApoM and adipose tissue APOM expression. Dieting-induced weight loss enhances adipose tissue expression and secretion, and exercise training increases plasma ApoM. The ApoM is a chaperone for the bioactive sphingolipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which has a specific role in inflammation. Its association with...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - January 2, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM: Edited by Frank M. Sacks and Majken K. Jensen Source Type: research
Nonesterified fatty acids, cognitive decline, and dementia
Purpose of review
Dementia is rapidly growing as sources of morbidity and mortality as the US population ages, but its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. As a result, no disease-modifying treatments currently exist. We review the evidence that nonesterified fatty acids may play a key role in this condition.
Recent findings
Nonesterified fatty acids appear to influence several pathways leading to dementia. In addition to their vascular effects, these moieties cross the blood–brain barrier, where they are toxic to several cell types. They may also influence insulin metabolism in the brain directly and indirect...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - January 2, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM: Edited by Frank M. Sacks and Majken K. Jensen Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - January 2, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Editorial Comment: Hyperlipidaemia and cardiovascular disease and impact of early cholesterol accumulation
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 5, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
Editorial Comment: Ceramides: novel actors in cardiovascular epigenetics?
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 5, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
Fatty acids getting NAD+ about cardiometabolic diseases
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 5, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
Can atherosclerosis be cured?
Purpose of review
Determine if evidence supports interventions to prevent development of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events and death.
Recent findings
An extensive body of evidence supports the fundamental causal role of apolipoprotein B lipoproteins in the development of atherosclerosis. Recent epidemiologic studies have shown that LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-HDL-cholesterol levels in early adults are associated with accelerated subclinical atherosclerosis and an excess of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events later in life. Animal and human data have shown that intensive LD...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 5, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Lipid management in people with peripheral artery disease
Purpose of review
To summarize recent data on the role of dyslipidaemia and the benefit from managing this in people with disease of the abdominal aorta and its peripheral branches (peripheral artery disease, PAD).
Recent findings
Findings from the Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) Inhibition in Subjects with Elevated Risk (FOURIER) trial demonstrate the benefit of intensely lowering low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) in people with PAD to substantially reduce the incidence of major cardiovascular events (MACE; myocardial infarction, stroke or ...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 5, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Cholesterol membrane content has a ubiquitous evolutionary function in immune cell activation: the role of HDL
Purpose of review
Cellular cholesterol content influences the structure and function of lipid rafts, plasma membrane microdomains essential for cell signaling and activation. HDL modulate cellular cholesterol efflux, thus limiting cholesterol accumulation and controlling immune cell activation. Aim of this review is to discuss the link between HDL and cellular cholesterol metabolism in immune cells and the therapeutic potential of targeting cholesterol removal from cell membranes.
Recent findings
The inverse relationship between HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease has been recently ch...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 5, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Is proteomics of value in cardiovascular risk assessment?
Purpose of review
To briefly summarize recently published evidence in the field of cardiovascular proteomics, focusing on its ability to improve cardiovascular risk stratification and critically discussing still open and burning issues and future perspectives of proteomics research.
Recent findings
Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated an improvement in cardiovascular risk prediction beyond traditional risk factors by adding novel biomarkers, identified by both discovery and targeted proteomics. However, only a moderate improvement in risk discrimination over clinical variables was observed. Moreover, desp...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 5, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Implications of serial coronary computed tomography angiography in the evaluation of coronary plaque progression
Purpose of review
The purpose is to review the use of coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography to assess coronary plaque burden/progression and to discuss about recent clinical trials that have utilized this imaging modality to study the effect of new pharmacotherapies on plaque burden/progression.
Recent findings
There are numerous clinical trials that have utilized coronary CT angiography to demonstrate the potential benefits of statins, apixaban, rivaroxaban, aged garlic extract, biologic agents, and omega-3 fatty acids to reduce coronary plaque progression. Coronary CT angiography can identify high-risk plaqu...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 5, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Strategies to alter the trajectory of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Purpose of review
Cardiovascular disease prevention trials of lipid lowering with statins have shown unexpected long-term benefits after the formal randomized treatment stopped. This finding needs further exploration because it raises the possibility that the trajectory of the disease can be modified.
Recent findings
Extended follow up data are now available from further major primary prevention studies and from meta-analyses of the legacy effect of statin trials. New outcome studies have been proposed and launched to test the ability of early intervention to slow or regress atherosclerosis.
Summary
Legacy effects ...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 5, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
