Hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease: new insights on lipoprotein(a)
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - May 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
Eicosapentaenoic acid: maybe not the ‘Alpha,’ but is it the Omega?
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - May 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
Dietary patterns to reduce mortality and promote independent functioning
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - May 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
Bile acid alterations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: what do the human studies tell?
Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to discuss the influence of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on bile acid metabolism and to analyze whether these findings reinforce current beliefs about the role of bile acids in the pathophysiology of these diseases.
Recent findings
Discordant results on plasma bile acid alterations in NAFLD patients have been reported. Obesity, insulin resistance, and T2D, common comorbidities of NAFLD, have been associated with bile acid changes, but the individual bile acid species variations differ between studies (su...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - May 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: LIPID METABOLISM: Edited by Marit Westerterp and Bart van de Sluis Source Type: research
Fibroblast growth factors in control of lipid metabolism: from biological function to clinical application
Purpose of review
Several members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family have been identified as key regulators of energy metabolism in rodents and nonhuman primates. Translational studies show that their metabolic actions are largely conserved in humans, which led to the development of various FGF-based drugs, including FGF21-mimetics LY2405319, PF-05231023, and pegbelfermin, and the FGF19-mimetic NGM282. Recently, a number of clinical trials have been published that examined the safety and efficacy of these novel therapeutic proteins in the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - May 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: LIPID METABOLISM: Edited by Marit Westerterp and Bart van de Sluis Source Type: research
HDL from an Alzheimer's disease perspective
Purpose of review
We review current knowledge regarding HDL and Alzheimer's disease, focusing on HDL's vasoprotective functions and potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for the vascular contributions of Alzheimer's disease.
Recent findings
Many epidemiological studies have observed that circulating HDL levels associate with decreased Alzheimer's disease risk. However, it is now understood that the functions of HDL may be more informative than levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). Animal model studies demonstrate that HDL protects against memory deficits, neuroinflammation, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - May 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: LIPID METABOLISM: Edited by Marit Westerterp and Bart van de Sluis Source Type: research
Regulation of lipid rafts, angiogenesis and inflammation by AIBP
Purpose of review
Recent studies demonstrate an important role of the secreted apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) in regulation of cholesterol efflux and lipid rafts. The article discusses these findings in the context of angiogenesis and inflammation.
Recent findings
Lipid rafts are cholesterol-rich and sphingomyelin-rich membrane domains in which many receptor complexes assemble upon activation. AIBP mediates selective cholesterol efflux, in part via binding to toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) in activated macrophages and microglia, and thus reverses lipid raft increases in activated cells. Recent articles report ...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - May 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: LIPID METABOLISM: Edited by Marit Westerterp and Bart van de Sluis Source Type: research
Apolipoprotein M/sphingosine-1-phosphate: novel effects on lipids, inflammation and kidney biology
Purpose of review
In 2011, the crystal structure of apolipoprotein M (apoM) and its capacity to bind sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was characterized. Since then, a variety of studies has increased our knowledge on apoM biology and functionality. From being an unknown and hardly significant player in overall metabolism, apoM has gained significant interest.
Recent findings
Key discoveries in the last 2 years have indicated that the apoM/S1P complex has important roles in lipid metabolism (affecting triglyceride turnover), inflammation (a marker of severe sepsis and potentially providing anti-inflammatory signaling) and...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - May 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: LIPID METABOLISM: Edited by Marit Westerterp and Bart van de Sluis Source Type: research
New insights into angiopoietin-like proteins in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease risk
Purpose of review
The angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs), consisting of ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8, have gained significant interest for their role as inhibitors of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and for their potential as therapeutic targets for correcting dyslipidemia. This review provides an overview of the most relevant new insights on the connection between ANGPTLs, plasma lipids, and coronary artery disease.
Recent findings
Carriers of loss-of-function variants in ANGPTL3 have a reduced risk of coronary artery disease and reduced plasma levels of triglycerides and LDL-C, while carriers of loss-of-function variant...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - May 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: LIPID METABOLISM: Edited by Marit Westerterp and Bart van de Sluis Source Type: research
Role of sortilin in lipid metabolism
Purpose of review
Sortilin, encoded SORT1 gene at chromosome 1p13.3, is a multiligand receptor that traffics protein from the Golgi to the endosomes, secretory vesicles, and the cell surface. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed an association between sortilin and reduced plasma LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) as well as reduced coronary artery disease (CAD). This review explores the various lipid metabolism pathways that are affected by alterations in sortilin expression.
Recent findings
The effects of increased hepatic sortilin on plasma LDL-C levels are mediated by increased clearance of LDL-C and decreased very...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - May 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: LIPID METABOLISM: Edited by Marit Westerterp and Bart van de Sluis Source Type: research
The E3 ubiquitin ligase inducible degrader of the LDL receptor/myosin light chain interacting protein in health and disease
Purpose of review
The RING E3 ubiquitin ligase inducible degrader of the LDL receptor (IDOL, also known as MYLIP) promotes ubiquitylation and subsequent lysosomal degradation of the LDL receptor (LDLR), thus acting to limit uptake of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol into cells. Next to the LDLR, IDOL also promotes degradation of two related receptors, the very LDL receptor (VLDLR) and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (APOER2), which have important signaling functions in the brain. We review here the emerging role of IDOL in lipoprotein and energy metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases, and the potential for therapeutic targeti...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - May 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: LIPID METABOLISM: Edited by Marit Westerterp and Bart van de Sluis Source Type: research
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and lipid metabolism
Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent findings of one of the most promising therapeutic targets in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) management, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9).
Recent findings
Endoplasmic reticulum cargo receptor, surfeit locus protein 4 interacts with PCSK9 and regulates its exit from endoplasmic reticulum and its secretion. Once secreted, PCSK9 binds to heparin sulfate proteoglycans on the hepatocyte surface and this binding is required for PCSK9–LDL receptor (LDLR) complex formation and LDLR degradation. Posttranscriptionally, recent work has shown t...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - May 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: LIPID METABOLISM: Edited by Marit Westerterp and Bart van de Sluis Source Type: research
Senescent cells in the development of cardiometabolic disease
Purpose of review
Senescent cells have recently been identified as key players in the development of metabolic dysfunction. In this review, we will highlight recent developments in this field and discuss the concept of targeting these cells to prevent or treat cardiometabolic diseases.
Recent findings
Evidence is accumulating that cellular senescence contributes to adipose tissue dysfunction, presumably through induction of low-grade inflammation and inhibition of adipogenic differentiation leading to insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. Senescent cells modulate their surroundings through their bioactive secretome an...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - May 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: LIPID METABOLISM: Edited by Marit Westerterp and Bart van de Sluis Source Type: research
CRISPR: a promising tool for lipid physiology and therapeutics
Purpose of review
The purpose is to review recent progress in applying the CRISPR/Cas9 system to lipid metabolism and therapeutics.
Recent findings
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used to generate knockout animals for lipid genes in multiple species. Somatic genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9 can efficiently disrupt genes in adult animals, including a new strategy for generating atherosclerosis. Refinements to the CRISPR/Cas9 system including epigenetic modulators and base editors offer new avenues to manipulate gene expression. The recent report of germline genome editing in humans highlights the promise as well as peri...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - May 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: LIPID METABOLISM: Edited by Marit Westerterp and Bart van de Sluis Source Type: research
Integrative roles of microRNAs in lipid metabolism and dyslipidemia
This article reviews examples of miRNAs that bridge disparate metabolic pathways in the liver. For example, we highlight miRNAs that are regulated by the sterol-sensing pathway in the liver that in turn regulate cellular or systemic cholesterol, fatty acid, and glucose levels.
Recent findings
The most widely studied of these miRNAs are miR-33a/b; however, we recently reported that miRNAs in the miR-183/96/182 cluster are also likely regulated by hepatic cholesterol content and mediate the observed glucose-lowering effects of the bile acid sequestrant colesevelam through the sterol-sensing pathway. In addition, several o...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - May 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: LIPID METABOLISM: Edited by Marit Westerterp and Bart van de Sluis Source Type: research
