Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 4, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Low-energy diet and physical activity for the remission of type 2 diabetes: a paradigm shift
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 12, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
Squalene: friend or foe for cancers
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 12, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
Dietary patterns to mitigate genetic risk of obesity
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 12, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
Inflammatory joint diseases and atherosclerosis: time to look beyond the ‘lipid paradox’
Purpose of review
Uncertainty persists about the contribution of lipids to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory joint disease (IJD) patients. In reviewing recent research, we consider potential insights gained by quantifying lipoprotein particles directly, rather than by their lipid content.
Recent findings
Although inflammation often decreases LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and anti-inflammatory medications often increase LDL-C, both inflammation and anti-inflammatory medications can increase atherogenic Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-containing lipoprotein particles...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 12, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: HYPERLIPIDAEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Edited by Paul N. Durrington Source Type: research
The future of apolipoprotein E mimetic peptides in the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Purpose of review
This review aims to discuss the recent developments in the area of apolipoprotein E (apoE) mimetics and their therapeutic potential for treating cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality worldwide.
Recent findings
Ongoing research efforts target the development of novel therapies that would not only reduce circulating levels of atherogenic lipoproteins, but could also increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and/or improve HDL function. Among them, synthetic peptides that mimic the structure of natural human apoE, a component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and HDL,...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 12, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: HYPERLIPIDAEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Edited by Paul N. Durrington Source Type: research
Role of serum amyloid A in atherosclerosis
Purpose of review
Acute phase serum amyloid A (SAA) is persistently elevated in chronic inflammatory conditions, and elevated levels predict cardiovascular risk in humans. More recently, murine studies have demonstrated that over-expression of SAA increases and deficiency/suppression of SAA attenuates atherosclerosis. Thus, beyond being a biomarker, SAA appears to play a causal role in atherogenesis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the data supporting SAA as a key player in atherosclerosis development.
Recent findings
A number of pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic activities have been ascribed to SAA. How...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 12, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: HYPERLIPIDAEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Edited by Paul N. Durrington Source Type: research
High-density lipoprotein: our elusive friend
Purpose of review
Despite advances in the research on HDL composition (lipidomics and proteomics) and functions (cholesterol efflux and antioxidative capacities), the relationship between HDL compositional and functional properties is not fully understood. We have reviewed the recent literature on this topic and pointed out the difficulties which limit our understanding of HDL's role in cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Recent findings
Though current findings strongly support that HDL has a significant role in CVD, the underlying mechanisms by which HDL mitigates CVD risk are not clear. This review focuses on studies that...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 12, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: HYPERLIPIDAEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Edited by Paul N. Durrington Source Type: research
Inheritance of high and low HDL: mechanisms and management
Purpose of review
The inverse association between plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been unequivocally proven by many epidemiological studies. There are several genetic disorders affecting HDL-C plasma levels, either providing atheroprotection or predisposing to premature atherosclerosis. However, up to date, there has not been any pharmacological intervention modulating HDL-C levels, which has been clearly shown to prevent the progression of CVD. Thus, clarifying the exact underlying mechanisms of inheritance of these genetic disorders...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 12, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: HYPERLIPIDAEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Edited by Paul N. Durrington Source Type: research
Monogenic, polygenic, and oligogenic familial hypercholesterolemia
Purpose of review
Familial hypercholesterolemia has long been considered a monogenic disorder. However, recent advances in genetic analyses have revealed various forms of this disorder, including polygenic and oligogenic familial hypercholesterolemia. We review the current understanding of the genetic background of this disease.
Recent findings
Mutations in multiple alleles responsible for low-density lipoprotein regulation could contribute to the development of familial hypercholesterolemia, especially among patients with mutation-negative familial hypercholesterolemia. In oligogenic familial hypercholesterolemia, mu...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 12, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: HYPERLIPIDAEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Edited by Paul N. Durrington Source Type: research
Is hypertriglyceridemia atherogenic?
Purpose of review
Hypertriglyceridemia occurs mainly because of metabolic disorders secondary to diabetes, alcohol intake, and/or overweight. Genetic factors have also been clearly identified in most severe cases. Triglycerides are generally considered as ‘bystanders’ for cardiovascular diseases. However, biological and basic research provides strong data suggesting that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins could be involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases.
Recent findings
The REDUCE-IT trial recently showed that icosapent ethyl reduces major cardiovascular events and related death.
Summary
For many...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 12, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: HYPERLIPIDAEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Edited by Paul N. Durrington Source Type: research
Recent developments in lipodystrophy
Purpose of review
Lipodystrophy syndromes have an estimated prevalence of 1.3–4.7 cases per million and as with other rare diseases conducting research can be challenging. The present review highlights recently published work that has provided insights into the field of non-HIV--associated lipodystrophy syndromes.
Recent findings
Lipodystrophies are a heterogenous group of disorders, as such research is often focused on specific subtypes of the condition. The identification of children carrying LMNA mutations has provided insights into the natural history of FPLD2, specifically that the adipose tissue phenotype pred...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 12, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: HYPERLIPIDAEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Edited by Paul N. Durrington Source Type: research
Update on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol quantification
Purpose of review
β-Quantification is considered the reference measurement procedure for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). However, this technique is time-consuming and thus is inappropriate for routine clinical practice. Therefore, the Friedewald equation or homogeneous assays have been widely utilized. As several pitfalls exist with these two methods, a novel method for estimating LDL-C was developed by Martin et al.
Recent findings
Martin's method uses a strata-specific median for the triglycerides/very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) ratio on the basis of triglycerides and non-HDL-C concen...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 12, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: HYPERLIPIDAEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Edited by Paul N. Durrington Source Type: research
Non-HDL cholesterol should not generally replace LDL cholesterol in the management of hyperlipidaemia
Purpose of review
Non-HDL cholesterol was originally conceived as a therapeutic target for statin treatment in hypertriglyceridaemia when apolipoprotein B100 assays were not widely available. Recently non-HDL cholesterol has been recommended to replace LDL cholesterol in the clinical management of dyslipidaemia routinely in general medical practice. This is misguided.
Recent findings
Non-HDL cholesterol is heterogeneous, constituting a mixture of triglyceride-rich VLDL, intermediate density lipoprotein and LDL in which small dense LDL is poorly represented and to which VLDL cholesterol contributes increasingly as trig...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 12, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: HYPERLIPIDAEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Edited by Paul N. Durrington Source Type: research
Editorial introduction
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - July 12, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION Source Type: research
