Progress in finding pathogenic DNA copy number variations in dyslipidemia
Purpose of review
DNA copy number variations (CNVs) are large-scale mutations that include deletions and duplications larger than 50 bp in size. In the era when single-nucleotide variations were the major focus of genetic technology and research, CNVs were largely overlooked. However, CNVs clearly underlie a substantial proportion of clinical disorders. Here, we update recent progress in identifying CNVs in dyslipidemias.
Recent findings
Until last year, only the LDLR and LPA genes were appreciated as loci within which clinically relevant CNVs contributed to familial hypercholesterolemia and variation in Lp(a) level...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - March 7, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Edited by Robert A. Hegele Source Type: research
The biochemical and genetic diagnosis of lipid disorders
Purpose of review
To examine recent advances in our knowledge on the diagnosis of lipid disorders.
Recent findings
Fasting values above the 99th percentile for direct LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein(a), and triglycerides are greater than 225 mg/dl, greater than 160 mg/dl, and greater than 500 mg/dl (>5.82,>394, and>5.65 mmol/l), respectively, whereas such values for plasma lathosterol, β-sitosterol, and cholestanol are greater than 8.0, 8.0, and 5.0 mg/l (>0.021, 0.019, and 0.013 mmol/l), respectively. Values below the first percentile for LDL-C are less than 40 mg/dl ( (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - March 7, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Edited by Robert A. Hegele Source Type: research
Editorial: designing targeted sequencing panels for dyslipidemia
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - March 7, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Edited by Robert A. Hegele Source Type: research
Editorial introduction
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - March 7, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION Source Type: research
Atherosclerosis: cell biology and lipoproteins
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - January 4, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
An evolutionary look at cholesterol
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - January 4, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
Breastfeeding and cardiovascular risk factors
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - January 4, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
Dietary fat and risk of type 2 diabetes
Purpose of review
Nutrition recommendations emphasize that not only dietary fat quantity but also fat quality plays a role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence for dietary fat and risk of T2D, to highlight recent findings and point out future research directions.
Recent findings
Total fat intake was not associated with risk of T2D, whereas the findings on fatty acids (FAs) and risk of T2D were controversial. Recent findings suggested that FAs from the same classes (e.g. omega-6 FAs) but different sources might be differently associated with the risk of T2D, wi...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - January 4, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM: Edited by Frank M. Sacks and Majken K. Jensen Source Type: research
Lipoprotein metabolism in liver diseases
Purpose of review
The liver is the central hub of lipoprotein metabolism. A complex relationship exists between dyslipidemia and chronic liver diseases (CLDs). Recent advances in the genetics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) exemplify the pivotal role of lipoprotein metabolism in the pathogenesis of CLD. We review these relationships in four quintessential forms of CLD: NAFLD, ALD, cholestatic liver disease and cirrhosis, with a focus on recent discoveries.
Recent findings
An I148 M variant in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) and an E167K va...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - January 4, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM: Edited by Frank M. Sacks and Majken K. Jensen Source Type: research
HDL modification: recent developments and their relevance to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Purpose of review
In the last 2 years, significant advances in the understanding of HDL particle structure and the associations between particle structure, function, and atherosclerosis have been made. We will review and provide clinical and epidemiological context to these recent advances.
Recent findings
Several recent studies have analyzed the associations between HDL particle size distribution, number, and particle function and specific environmental, behavioral, and pharmacologic exposures. Detailed phenotyping of HDL-associated protein complements, particularly apolipoproteins, strongly suggests structural subsp...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - January 4, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM: Edited by Frank M. Sacks and Majken K. Jensen Source Type: research
Effects of exercise on HDL functionality
Purpose of review
Low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease risk and can be improved with regular exercise. However, raising HDL-C levels pharmacologically has not shown convincing clinical benefits. Thus, research has recently focused on identifying therapies that improve HDL function, with exercise representing such a potential therapy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the effects of exercise interventions on HDL function.
Recent findings
The effects of exercise and lifestyle interventions on the primary atheroprotective functions of HDL are reviewed, namely, chole...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - January 4, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM: Edited by Frank M. Sacks and Majken K. Jensen Source Type: research
Effects of apolipoprotein E on nutritional metabolism in dementia
Purpose of review
Various groups have explored the effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on neurodegeneration through nutritional and metabolic alterations. In this review, we hope to summarize recent findings in humans as well as preclinical APOE models.
Recent findings
Metabolic pathways including lipid metabolism appear to play a large role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Carrier status of the E4 variant of the APOE gene is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, and increasing evidence suggests that E4 carriers may respond differently to a host of dietary and metabolic-related treatme...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - January 4, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM: Edited by Frank M. Sacks and Majken K. Jensen Source Type: research
Bempedoic acid: effects on lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis
Purpose of review
Bempedoic acid has emerged as a potent inhibitor of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), a target for the reduction of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). We review the impact of bempedoic acid treatment on lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis in preclinical models and patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Recent findings
The liver-specific activation of bempedoic acid inhibits ACLY, a key enzyme linking glucose catabolism to lipogenesis by catalyzing the formation of acetyl-CoA from mitochondrial-derived citrate for de novo synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase act...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - January 4, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM: Edited by Frank M. Sacks and Majken K. Jensen Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - January 4, 2019 Category: Lipidology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Unravelling atherosclerotic heterogeneity by single cell RNA sequencing
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 2, 2018 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
