Liver fat storage pathways: methodologies and dietary effects
Purpose of review
Nonalcoholic fatty liver is the result of an imbalance between lipid storage [from meal, de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and fatty acid (FA) uptake] and disposal (oxidation and VLDL output). Knowledge on the contribution of each of these pathways to liver fat content in humans is essential to develop tailored strategies to prevent and treat nonalcoholic fatty liver. Here, we review the techniques available to study the different storage pathways and review dietary modulation of these pathways.
Recent findings
The type of carbohydrate and fat could be of importance in modulating DNL, as complex carboh...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - December 24, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM: Edited by Marja-Riitta Taskinen and Benoit Arsenault Source Type: research
Mendelian randomization as a tool for causal inference in human nutrition and metabolism
Purpose of review
The current review describes the fundamentals of the Mendelian randomization framework and its current application for causal inference in human nutrition and metabolism.
Recent findings
In the Mendelian randomization framework, genetic variants that are strongly associated with the potential risk factor are used as instrumental variables to determine whether the risk factor is a cause of the disease. Mendelian randomization studies are less susceptible to confounding and reverse causality compared with traditional observational studies. The Mendelian randomization study design has been increas...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - December 24, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM: Edited by Marja-Riitta Taskinen and Benoit Arsenault Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - December 24, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Cardiovascular risk in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: looking at the liver to shield the heart
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
ATP-citrate lyase: a driver of metabolism and histone acetylation
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
The fish-oil paradox
Purpose of review
Increasing interest has focused on the potential cardioprotective effects of the omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the basis of findings from epidemiology and cohort studies. This review will summarize the findings of contemporary clinical trials of omega-3 fatty acids.
Recent findings
Although a large clinical trial performed prior to the widespread use of statins demonstrated cardiovascular benefit with fish oils, subsequent studies have failed to reproduce this result. More recent studies have demonstrated a reduction in cardiovascular risk wi...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Advances, gaps and opportunities in the detection of familial hypercholesterolemia: overview of current and future screening and detection methods
Purpose of review
Studies reaffirm that familial hypercholesterolemia is more prevalent than initially considered, with a population frequency of approximately one in 300. The majority of patients remains unidentified. This warrants critical evaluation of existing screening methods and exploration of novel methods of detection.
Recent findings
New public policy recommendations on the detection of familial hypercholesterolemia have been made by a global community of experts and advocates. Phenotypic tools for diagnosing index cases remain inaccurate. Genetic testing is the gold standard for familial hypercholeste...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition as the next statin?
Purpose of review
Despite the wide use of statins and other LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering therapies, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Here, we discuss efficacy, side effects and convenience of current and future therapies inhibiting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9).
Recent findings
Clinical trials with mAbs administered every 2–4 weeks and small interfering RNAs given two to four times per year have consistently demonstrated substantial LDL-C-lowering (40–60%) and improved outcome when added to existing lipid-lowering therap...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Hypertriglyceridemia: new approaches in management and treatment
Purpose of review
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), a form of dyslipidemia characterized by elevated plasma of triglycerides (TG), is associated with an increased risk for acute pancreatitis. Moreover, HTG has recently been shown to be linked to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD); therefore, there is a great interest in better understanding the pathophysiology of HTG and improving its clinical management. In this review, we briefly describe TG metabolism, recent guidelines for the clinical management of HTG and provide an overview of the current and potential new therapies for HTG.
Recent fi...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Targeting epigenetics as atherosclerosis treatment: an updated view
Purpose of review
This review discusses the current developments on epigenetic inhibition as treatment for atherosclerosis.
Recent findings
The first phase III clinical trial targeting epigenetics in cardiovascular disease (CVD), BETonMACE, using the bromodomain inhibitor apabetalone (RVX-208) showed no significant effect on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with type II diabetes, low HDL-c and a recent acute coronary artery event compared with its placebo arm.
Summary
Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that targeting epigenetics in atherosclerosis is a promising novel therapeut...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Changing dietary approaches to prevent cardiovascular disease
Purpose of review
We have focused on recent research relevant to effects of dietary patterns and major food groups on cardiovascular outcomes, taking into account guidelines and position statements from expert authorities, with an emphasis on important changes in recommendations, some of which remain controversial.
Recent findings
Major findings include: refocusing on qualitative patterns of food consumption replacing quantitative prescriptive advice on nutrients; increasing intake of plant foods; substituting saturated fats with polyunsaturated and monounsaturated oils; reducing salt intake; regular consumption...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
The interconnection between lipoprotein(a), lipoprotein(a) cholesterol and true LDL-cholesterol in the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia
Purpose of review
Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are present in 30–50% of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. The contribution of Lp(a) towards risk stratification of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia has been recently recognized, with studies showing a significantly worse prognosis if Lp(a) is elevated. However, the role of elevated Lp(a) in diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia is less well defined or accepted.
Recent findings
An important confounder in the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia is the significant contribution of the cholesterol content on Lp(a) (Lp(a)-...
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: THERAPY AND CLINICAL TRIALS: Edited by Erik S.G. Stroes and Gerald F. Watts Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - November 10, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Is it time to reconcile HDL with cardiovascular diseases and beyond? An update on a paradigm shift
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 4, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
The interplay between serum amyloid A and HDLs
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology)
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology - September 4, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: BIMONTHLY UPDATE: Edited by Alan Rees Source Type: research
