COVID-19 and Diabetes Outcomes: Rationale for and Updates from the CORONADO Study
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn France, in order to describe the phenotypic characteristics of patients with diabetes hospitalized for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and to identify the prognostic factors in this specific population, the CORONADO (CORONAvirus and Diabetes Outcomes) study was launched. This review will summarize the key findings from the CORONADO study and put them in perspectives with others studies published on the subject.Recent FindingsFor almost 2 years, the new SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2), which causes COVID-19, has spread all around the world leading to a pandemic....
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 1, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Diabetes-Associated Mutations in Proinsulin Provide a “Molecular Rheostat” of Nascent Foldability
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDiabetes mellitus (DM) due to toxic misfolding of proinsulin variants provides a monogenic model of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The mutant proinsulin syndrome (also designated MIDY; MutantINS-gene-induced Diabetes of Youth or Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 10 (MODY10)) ordinarily presents as permanent neonatal-onset DM, but specific amino-acid substitutions may also present later in childhood or adolescence. This review highlights structural mechanisms of proinsulin folding as inferred from phenotype-genotype relationships.Recent FindingsMIDY mutations most commonly add or remove a cys...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 1, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Metabolomics of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Insights into Risk Prediction and Mechanisms
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMetabolomics enables rapid interrogation of widespread metabolic processes making it well suited for studying diabetes. Here, we review the current status of metabolomic investigation in diabetes, highlighting its applications for improving risk prediction and mechanistic understanding.Recent findingsFindings of metabolite associations with type 2 diabetes risk have confirmed experimental observations (e.g., branched-chain amino acids) and also pinpointed novel pathways of diabetes risk (e.g., dimethylguanidino valeric acid). In type 1 diabetes, abnormal metabolite patterns are observed prior to th...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 1, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Managing Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery to Improve Glycemic Outcomes
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPersons with diabetes are more likely to require orthopedic surgery and are at an increased risk of developing postoperative complications. Recognizing the impact of diabetes on musculoskeletal health provides an opportunity to educate healthcare professionals in standardizing the perioperative approach of persons with diabetes.Recent FindingsElevated hemoglobin A1C, fructosamine, and blood glucose levels have been associated with increased risk for complications in the orthopedic population. These risks can be mitigated by the early identification and optimization of these patients in the perioper...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - January 6, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Mobile Health Technology in the Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review
The objective of this review was to summarize the current scientific evidence of mobile health technology in the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes in patients with prediabetes derived from randomized clinical trials.Recent FindingsFew randomized clinical trials are available using mobile health technologies in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. There is heterogeneity in regard to the main study outcomes, duration of interventions, and study findings.SummaryInconsistent findings have been reported whether mobile health technologies are effective in reducing HbA1C levels or the incidence of type 2 diabetes in patients wi...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - January 1, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Renal Protection with SGLT2 Inhibitors: Effects in Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review offers a critical narrative evaluation of emerging evidence that sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors exert nephroprotective effects in people with type 2 diabetes.Recent FindingsThe SGLT2 inhibitor class of glucose-lowering agents has recently shown beneficial effects to reduce the onset and progression of renal complications in people with and without diabetes. Randomised clinical trials and ‘real world’ observational studies, mostly involving type 2 diabetes patients, have noted that use of an SGLT2 inhibitor can slow the decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR),...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - January 1, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
The Diabetes-Cardiovascular Connection in Women: Understanding the Known Risks, Outcomes, and Implications for Care
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCardiovascular disease (CVD) complications constitute about 50 –70% of mortality in people with diabetes. However, there remains a persistently greater relative increase in CVD morbidity and mortality in women with diabetes than in their male counterparts. This review presents recent evidence for the risks, outcomes, and management implications for women with diabetes.Recent FindingsCompared to men, women have higher BMI and more adverse cardiovascular risk profile at time of diabetes diagnosis with greater risk for coronary heart disease, stroke, vascular dementia, and heart failure. Pregnancy-s...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - January 1, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe obesity epidemic is on the rise, and while it is well known that obesity is associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk factors such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea, recent data has highlighted that the degree and type of fat distribution may play a bigger role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than body mass index (BMI) alone. We aim to review updated data on adipose tissue inflammation and distribution and CVD.Recent FindingsWe review the pathophysiology of inflammation secondary to adipose tissue, the association of obesity-rela...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - January 1, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Cataract Surgery Considerations for Diabetic Patients
AbstractPurpose of ReviewGiven the epidemiology and demographic trends of diabetes mellitus and cataracts, ophthalmologists are likely to encounter patients with both comorbidities at an increasing frequency. Patients with diabetes represent a higher risk population than healthy patients for cataract surgery. In this review, we discuss key risks and risk-mitigation practices when performing cataract surgery on these patients.Recent FindingsPatients with diabetes continue to represent a high-risk surgical population: Nagar et al. suggest a dose-dependent relationship may exist between number of intravitreal injections and l...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - December 30, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations in Restless Legs Syndrome Complicated by Diabetic Neuropathy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDiabetic neuropathy from type I diabetes (DMI), type II diabetes (DMII), or gestational diabetes commonly occurs concurrently with restless legs syndrome (RLS) with an estimated prevalence in DMII specifically of 17.7 to 45%. The diagnosis of RLS can be obscured by symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, which may be similar to those of RLS, but also by other RLS mimics, including nocturnal leg cramps or akathisia. The purpose of this review is to outline a framework for considering comorbid diabetic neuropathy and RLS by discussing RLS and its association with peripheral nerve disease, diabetes, and sl...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - December 24, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Type 1 Diabetes, Sleep, and Hypoglycemia
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the relationship between sleep and hypoglycemia, sleep characteristics, and their associations with glycemic control in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The effects of sleep interventions and diabetes technology on sleep are summarized.Recent FindingsNocturnal hypoglycemia affects objective and subjective sleep quality and is related to behavioral, psychological, and physiological factors. Sleep disturbances are common, including inadequate sleep, impaired sleep efficiency, poor subjective satisfaction, irregular timing, increased daytime sleepiness, and sleep apnea. Some have a bidire...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - December 13, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with incident coronary and cerebral vascular disease. The mechanisms underlying this association are thought to include increased sympathetic nervous system activity, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation, with these effects mediated in part by elevated blood pressure and impaired glucose metabolism. In observational studies, OSA treatment with positive airway pressure (PAP) is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk. The aim of this review is to evaluate evidence from recent clinical trials that tested the impact of OSA treatment...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - December 13, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
