Policy Implications of Structural Violence and Syndemic Dynamics: A Lens for Addressing Latinx Immigrant Diabetes Health Disparities
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to explore using theoretical frameworks of structural violence and syndemics to understand Latinx health disparities with a focus on type 2 diabetes (T2D). We propose that combining these frameworks is a valuable approach for revealing complex root-cause dynamics and explaining the nuances of how and why health disparities exist. We discuss the importance of the relationship between T2D, fear, and stigma.Recent FindingsImmigration policy creates structural conditions that invite unauthorized immigration while simultaneously excluding undocumented immigrants from access...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 25, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe obesity epidemic is on the rise, and while it is well known that obesity is associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk factors such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea, recent data has highlighted that the degree and type of fat distribution may play a bigger role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than body mass index (BMI) alone. We aim to review updated data on adipose tissue inflammation and distribution and CVD.Recent FindingsWe review the pathophysiology of inflammation secondary to adipose tissue, the association of obesity-rela...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 18, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Racial Disparities and Cardiometabolic Risk: New Horizons of Intervention and Prevention
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCardiometabolic diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA and disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities. Multiple factors contribute to this disparity including genetic and socioeconomic factors, the latter of which contributes to disparities both through systemic barriers such as healthcare access and by directly impacting metabolism through epigenetics and environment-related alterations in the gut microbiome. This review will discuss advances in medicine that can be used to identify, prognosticate, and treat cardiometabolic diseases, and how these may be use...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 17, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Emergency Glucagon: a Focused Review of Psychosocial Experiences of Rescue Drugs for Type 1 Diabetes
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this paper is to describe rescue glucagon types, safety, efficacy, and preferences, as well as to review articles regarding emergency glucagon usage, severe hypoglycemia, and the emotions of both phenomena. We conducted a review of current literature on glucagon usage and the emotional impact of severe hypoglycemia on people with diabetes (PwD) and the caregivers of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Recent FindingsMinimal research exists pertaining to glucagon and severe hypoglycemic experiences in PwD, which is troubling considering the severity of risks and possible side effects. R...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 16, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
COVID-19 and Diabetes Outcomes: Rationale for and Updates from the CORONADO Study
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn France, in order to describe the phenotypic characteristics of patients with diabetes hospitalized for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and to identify the prognostic factors in this specific population, the CORONADO (CORONAvirus and Diabetes Outcomes) study was launched. This review will summarize the key findings from the CORONADO study and put them in perspectives with others studies published on the subject.Recent FindingsFor almost 2 years, the new SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2), which causes COVID-19, has spread all around the world leading to a pandemic....
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 16, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Emergency Glucagon: a Focused Review of Psychosocial Experiences of Rescue Drugs for Type 1 Diabetes
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this paper is to describe rescue glucagon types, safety, efficacy, and preferences, as well as to review articles regarding emergency glucagon usage, severe hypoglycemia, and the emotions of both phenomena. We conducted a review of current literature on glucagon usage and the emotional impact of severe hypoglycemia on people with diabetes (PwD) and the caregivers of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Recent FindingsMinimal research exists pertaining to glucagon and severe hypoglycemic experiences in PwD, which is troubling considering the severity of risks and possible side effects. R...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 16, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
The Diabetes-Cardiovascular Connection in Women: Understanding the Known Risks, Outcomes, and Implications for Care
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCardiovascular disease (CVD) complications constitute about 50 –70% of mortality in people with diabetes. However, there remains a persistently greater relative increase in CVD morbidity and mortality in women with diabetes than in their male counterparts. This review presents recent evidence for the risks, outcomes, and management implications for women with diabetes.Recent FindingsCompared to men, women have higher BMI and more adverse cardiovascular risk profile at time of diabetes diagnosis with greater risk for coronary heart disease, stroke, vascular dementia, and heart failure. Pregnancy-s...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 14, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Contraception for Adolescents and Young Women with Type 2 Diabetes –Specific Considerations
This article reviews how to address contraception in young women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The presence of obesity and comorbidities associated with insulin resistance increases the risk of thromboembolic disease and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.Recent FindingsRecent studies have shown that adolescents with T2D are at high risk of unintended pregnancy with poor outcomes for the mother and offspring. Adolescents with T2D without severe obesity, micro- or macrovascular disease, or other cardiovascular risk factors can use any contraceptive method. However, only nonhormonal or progestin-only methods may be used when morb...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 12, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Diabetes-Associated Mutations in Proinsulin Provide a “Molecular Rheostat” of Nascent Foldability
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDiabetes mellitus (DM) due to toxic misfolding of proinsulin variants provides a monogenic model of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The mutant proinsulin syndrome (also designated MIDY; MutantINS-gene-induced Diabetes of Youth or Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 10 (MODY10)) ordinarily presents as permanent neonatal-onset DM, but specific amino-acid substitutions may also present later in childhood or adolescence. This review highlights structural mechanisms of proinsulin folding as inferred from phenotype-genotype relationships.Recent FindingsMIDY mutations most commonly add or remove a cys...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 4, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Mobile Health Technology in the Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review
The objective of this review was to summarize the current scientific evidence of mobile health technology in the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes in patients with prediabetes derived from randomized clinical trials.Recent FindingsFew randomized clinical trials are available using mobile health technologies in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. There is heterogeneity in regard to the main study outcomes, duration of interventions, and study findings.SummaryInconsistent findings have been reported whether mobile health technologies are effective in reducing HbA1C levels or the incidence of type 2 diabetes in patients wi...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 3, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Renal Protection with SGLT2 Inhibitors: Effects in Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review offers a critical narrative evaluation of emerging evidence that sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors exert nephroprotective effects in people with type 2 diabetes.Recent FindingsThe SGLT2 inhibitor class of glucose-lowering agents has recently shown beneficial effects to reduce the onset and progression of renal complications in people with and without diabetes. Randomised clinical trials and ‘real world’ observational studies, mostly involving type 2 diabetes patients, have noted that use of an SGLT2 inhibitor can slow the decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR),...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 3, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Metabolomics of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Insights into Risk Prediction and Mechanisms
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMetabolomics enables rapid interrogation of widespread metabolic processes making it well suited for studying diabetes. Here, we review the current status of metabolomic investigation in diabetes, highlighting its applications for improving risk prediction and mechanistic understanding.Recent findingsFindings of metabolite associations with type 2 diabetes risk have confirmed experimental observations (e.g., branched-chain amino acids) and also pinpointed novel pathways of diabetes risk (e.g., dimethylguanidino valeric acid). In type 1 diabetes, abnormal metabolite patterns are observed prior to th...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 3, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Contraception for Adolescents and Young Women with Type 2 Diabetes –Specific Considerations
This article reviews how to address contraception in young women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The presence of obesity and comorbidities associated with insulin resistance increases the risk of thromboembolic disease and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.Recent FindingsRecent studies have shown that adolescents with T2D are at high risk of unintended pregnancy with poor outcomes for the mother and offspring. Adolescents with T2D without severe obesity, micro- or macrovascular disease, or other cardiovascular risk factors can use any contraceptive method. However, only nonhormonal or progestin-only methods may be used when morb...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 1, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
