Metformin: Past, Present, and Future
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review provides the most recent update of metformin, a biguanide oral antihyperglycemic drug used as a first-line treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Recent FindingsMetformin continues to dominate in the world of antidiabetics, and its use will continue to rise because of its high efficiency and easy availability. Apart from type 2 diabetes, research is exploring its potential in other conditions such as cancer, memory loss, bone disorders, immunological diseases, and aging.SummaryMetformin is the most prescribed oral antidiabetic worldwide. It has been in practical use for the last six deca...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - April 3, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Prandial Insulins: A Person-Centered Choice
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPostprandial hyperglycemia, or elevated blood glucose after meals, is associated with the development and progression of various diabetes-related complications. Prandial insulins are designed to replicate the natural insulin release after meals and are highly effective in managing post-meal glucose spikes. Currently, different types of prandial insulins are available such as human regular insulin, rapid-acting analogs, ultra-rapid-acting analogs, and inhaled insulins. Knowledge about diverse landscape of prandial insulin will optimize glycemic management.Recent FindingsHuman regular insulin, identi...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - April 3, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Use of Online Communities among People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Scoping Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPeople with diabetes require continuous self-monitoring and face numerous decisions in their day-to-day lives. Therefore, on many occasions, they need more support than that provided by health professionals. In this context, peer support in online diabetes communities could be a useful tool. The purpose of the review is to describe, analyze and synthesize the available evidence on the use and health out-comes of online communities for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Searches were performed PubMed, Web of...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - March 8, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Diabetes, SGLT-2 Inhibitors, and Urinary Tract Infection: a Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe aim of this review is to focus on epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, management, and complications of UTI in people with diabetes as well as reviewing the association of SGLT-2 inhibitors with genitourinary infections.Recent FindingsIndividuals diagnosed with T2DM are more prone to experiencing UTIs and recurrent UTIs compared to individuals without T2DM. T2DM is associated with an increased risk of any genitourinary infections (GUI), urinary tract infections (UTIs), and genital infections (GIs) across all age categories. SGLT2 inhibitors are a relatively new class of anti-hyperglycemic ...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - March 1, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Diabetes Technology in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Novel Indications
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDiabetes technology has been continuously evolving. Current versions of continuous glucose monitors (CGM) use minimally invasive designs, monitor glucose values with high accuracy, and can be used to guide insulin dosing. Extensive evidence supports the use of diabetes technology for monitoring and insulin administration in people with type 1 diabetes. However, there is emerging evidence for people with type 2 diabetes. In this review, we present the different technological devices used to monitor glucose and deliver insulin and the evidence supporting their use in people with type 2 diabetes.Recen...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 29, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Mapping Lifestyle Interventions for Gestational Diabetes Prevention: A Scoping Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this study was to conduct a scoping review to map intervention, sample, and physiologic measurement characteristics of lifestyle interventions for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevention.Recent FindingsA total of 19 studies met selection criteria from 405 articles screened (PubMed, Web of Science). No studies were US-based (47% multi-site), and all were delivered in clinical settings. The most targeted nutrition components were low carbohydrate intake (sugar rich foods/added sugars, low glycemic index), low fat intake (mainly low-fat meat, dairy, and saturated fat), and increa...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 17, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Lessons and Applications of Omics Research in Diabetes Epidemiology
AbstractPurpose of ReviewRecent advances in genomic technology and molecular techniques have greatly facilitated the identification of disease biomarkers, advanced understanding of pathogenesis of different common diseases, and heralded the dawn of precision medicine. Much of these advances in the area of diabetes have been made possible through deep phenotyping of epidemiological cohorts, and analysis of the different omics data in relation to detailed clinical information. In this review, we aim to provide an overview on how omics research could be incorporated into the design of current and future epidemiological studie...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - January 31, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Exploring Technology ’s Influence on Health Behaviours and Well-being in Type 1 Diabetes: a Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMaintaining positive health behaviours promotes better health outcomes for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, implementing these behaviours may also lead to additional management burdens and challenges. Diabetes technologies, including continuous glucose monitoring systems, automated insulin delivery systems, and digital platforms, are being rapidly developed and widely used to reduce these burdens. Our aim was to review recent evidence to explore the influence of these technologies on health behaviours and well-being among adults with T1D and discuss future directions.Recent FindingsCurre...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - January 31, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Factors Influencing Medication Adherence Among Adults Living with Diabetes and Comorbidities: a Qualitative Systematic Review
AbstractPurpose of reviewMedication adherence plays an important role in improving health outcomes related to diabetes and comorbidity. The potential factors influencing medication adherence and how they contribute to health behaviors have not been synthesized to date. This review synthesized qualitative studies that identified factors influencing medication adherence among adults living with diabetes and comorbidity.Recent findingsTwenty-eight findings were extracted and synthesized into four themes: perceived support, lack of knowledge, medication issues, and the importance of routine. The findings highlight the factors ...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - January 20, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
A Systematic Review of the Effects of Provider Bias on Health in Youth and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAlthough pervasive inequities in the health outcomes of youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) exist, the role of provider bias in these inequities is not well-understood. The purpose of this review is to synthesize evidence from existing studies on the associations between patient characteristics, provider bias, and patient health.Recent FindingsFourteen articles were included. Determining the extent of the effects of provider bias on patient health is limited by a lack of consensus on its definition. Experiences of provider bias (e.g., shaming, criticism) negatively affects self-esteem...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - January 18, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Polyagonists in Type 2 Diabetes Management
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewThis review summarizes the new developments in polyagonist pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes.Recent FindingsSeveral dual- and triple-agonists targeting different pathogenic pathways of type 2 diabetes have entered clinical trials and have led to significant improvements in glycaemia, body weight, fatty liver, and cardio-renal risk factors, with variable adverse event profiles but no new serious safety concerns. Combining agents with complementary and synergistic mechanisms of action have enhanced efficacy and safety. Targeting multiple pathogenic pathways simultaneously has led to enhanced be...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - January 1, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Imeglimin: the New Kid on the Block
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to collect all the data regarding imeglimin and present it as one of the options for managing diabetes.Recent FindingsIt is a new drug that has recently been approved as an oral anti-diabetic drug, either as monotherapy or in combination with other oral antidiabetic drugs including insulin, with modest HbA1c reduction, and a fairly safe profile. Imeglimin was first approved in 2021 in Japan and China and is available in India from October 2022.SummaryImeglimin is the first compound in a new class of oral anti-diabetic medications known as “glimins” that include a tetrahydrotria...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - January 1, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Polyagonists in Type 2 Diabetes Management
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewThis review summarizes the new developments in polyagonist pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes.Recent FindingsSeveral dual- and triple-agonists targeting different pathogenic pathways of type 2 diabetes have entered clinical trials and have led to significant improvements in glycaemia, body weight, fatty liver, and cardio-renal risk factors, with variable adverse event profiles but no new serious safety concerns. Combining agents with complementary and synergistic mechanisms of action have enhanced efficacy and safety. Targeting multiple pathogenic pathways simultaneously has led to enhanced be...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - December 27, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Factors Influencing Medication Adherence Among Adults Living with Diabetes and Comorbidities: a Qualitative Systematic Review
AbstractPurpose of reviewMedication adherence plays an important role in improving health outcomes related to diabetes and comorbidity. The potential factors influencing medication adherence and how they contribute to health behaviors have not been synthesized to date. This review synthesized qualitative studies that identified factors influencing medication adherence among adults living with diabetes and comorbidity.Recent findingsTwenty-eight findings were extracted and synthesized into four themes: perceived support, lack of knowledge, medication issues, and the importance of routine. The findings highlight the factors ...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - December 19, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
