Cranial Neuralgias
This article discusses the differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management of trigeminal neuralgia and reviews other neuralgias of the head and neck, including those that contribute to neuralgic ear pain. RECENT FINDINGS Most cases of trigeminal neuralgia are related to vascular compression, a demyelinating plaque, or a compressive mass affecting the trigeminal nerve. However, recent studies have shown that up to 11% of patients have a family history of trigeminal neuralgia, suggesting that some patients may have a genetic predisposition to demyelination or nerve hyperexcitability. In these patients, trigeminal n...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Other Primary Headache Disorders
This article provides an overview of a diverse group of primary headache disorders that are categorized in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd Edition (ICHD-3), as “other primary headache disorders.” This article provides clinicians with a distilled understanding of the diagnoses and their epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. RECENT FINDINGS Cough-induced headache requires neuroimaging to exclude posterior fossa pathology and recently has been reported as a common symptom in patients with CSF-venous fistula. Clinical overlap is observed between patients with primary exercise hea...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Cluster Headache and Other Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are relatively rare, but they represent a distinct set of syndromes that are important to recognize. Despite their unique features, TACs often go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed for several years, leading to unnecessary pain and suffering. A significant proportion of TAC presentations may have secondary causes. RECENT FINDINGS The underlying pathophysiology of TACs is likely rooted in hypothalamic dysfunction and derangements in the interplay of circuitry involving trigeminovascular, trigeminocervical, trigeminoautonomic, circadian, and nociceptive syste...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Preventive Migraine Treatment
This article provides an overview of preventive interventions for migraine, including when to start and how to choose a treatment, pharmacologic options (both older oral treatments and new monoclonal antibodies to calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP] or its receptor), nonpharmacologic treatment such as neuromodulation, and preventive treatment of refractory migraine. RECENT FINDINGS The migraine preventive treatment landscape has been transformed by the development of monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP or its receptor. These treatments, which are given subcutaneously or intravenously monthly or quarterly, have h...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Acute Migraine Treatment
This article discusses acute migraine therapy, focusing on best-level evidence. (Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology)
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Pathophysiology of Migraine
This article summarizes the current understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine, including some controversial aspects of the underlying mechanisms of the disorder. RECENT FINDINGS Recent functional neuroimaging studies focusing on the nonpainful symptoms of migraine have identified key areas of the central nervous system implicated in the early phases of a migraine attack. Clinical studies of spontaneous and provoked migraine attacks, together with preclinical studies using translational animal models, have led to a better understanding of the disease and the development of disease-specific and targeted therapi...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Diagnosing Secondary and Primary Headache Disorders
This article provides a systematic diagnostic approach to the patient with headache. RECENT FINDINGS The vast majority of patients presenting with headache in clinical practice have a primary headache disorder. The most common primary headache disorder in clinical practice is overwhelmingly migraine. Unfortunately, a substantial proportion of patients with migraine do not receive an accurate diagnosis. In addition, the clinical features of migraine overlap with secondary causes of headache, making a careful history and deliberative evaluation for warning symptoms or signs of a secondary headache disorder of paramoun...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

No Longer a Headache: Accessing Continuum on the Go
No abstract available (Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology)
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: EDITOR’S PREFACE Source Type: research

Contributors
No abstract available (Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology)
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: CONTRIBUTORS Source Type: research

Table of Contents
No abstract available (Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology)
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Table of Contents Source Type: research

Issue Overview
No abstract available (Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology)
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: ISSUE OVERVIEW Source Type: research

Key Points for Issue
No abstract available (Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology)
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: KEY POINTS FOR ISSUE Source Type: research

List of Abbreviations
No abstract available (Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology)
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Source Type: research

Learning Objectives
No abstract available (Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology)
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND CORE COMPETENCIES Source Type: research

Erratum
No abstract available (Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology)
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: ERRATUM Source Type: research