Genome organization across scales: mechanistic insights from in vitro reconstitution studies
Biochem Soc Trans. 2024 Mar 7:BST20230883. doi: 10.1042/BST20230883. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEukaryotic genomes are compacted and organized into distinct three-dimensional (3D) structures, which range from small-scale nucleosome arrays to large-scale chromatin domains. These chromatin structures play an important role in the regulation of transcription and other nuclear processes. The molecular mechanisms that drive the formation of chromatin structures across scales and the relationship between chromatin structure and function remain incompletely understood. Because the processes involved are complex and interconnec...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - March 7, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Elisa Oberbeckmann A Marieke Oudelaar Source Type: research
Type III intermediate filaments in redox interplay: key role of the conserved cysteine residue
Biochem Soc Trans. 2024 Mar 7:BST20231059. doi: 10.1042/BST20231059. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIntermediate filaments (IFs) are cytoskeletal elements involved in mechanotransduction and in the integration of cellular responses. They are versatile structures and their assembly and organization are finely tuned by posttranslational modifications. Among them, type III IFs, mainly vimentin, have been identified as targets of multiple oxidative and electrophilic modifications. A characteristic of most type III IF proteins is the presence in their sequence of a single, conserved cysteine residue (C328 in vimentin), that is a...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - March 7, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mar Ãa A Pajares Dolores P érez-Sala Source Type: research
Genome organization across scales: mechanistic insights from in vitro reconstitution studies
Biochem Soc Trans. 2024 Mar 7:BST20230883. doi: 10.1042/BST20230883. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEukaryotic genomes are compacted and organized into distinct three-dimensional (3D) structures, which range from small-scale nucleosome arrays to large-scale chromatin domains. These chromatin structures play an important role in the regulation of transcription and other nuclear processes. The molecular mechanisms that drive the formation of chromatin structures across scales and the relationship between chromatin structure and function remain incompletely understood. Because the processes involved are complex and interconnec...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - March 7, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Elisa Oberbeckmann A Marieke Oudelaar Source Type: research
Type III intermediate filaments in redox interplay: key role of the conserved cysteine residue
Biochem Soc Trans. 2024 Mar 7:BST20231059. doi: 10.1042/BST20231059. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIntermediate filaments (IFs) are cytoskeletal elements involved in mechanotransduction and in the integration of cellular responses. They are versatile structures and their assembly and organization are finely tuned by posttranslational modifications. Among them, type III IFs, mainly vimentin, have been identified as targets of multiple oxidative and electrophilic modifications. A characteristic of most type III IF proteins is the presence in their sequence of a single, conserved cysteine residue (C328 in vimentin), that is a...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - March 7, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mar Ãa A Pajares Dolores P érez-Sala Source Type: research
The malarial blood transcriptome: translational applications
Biochem Soc Trans. 2024 Feb 29:BST20230497. doi: 10.1042/BST20230497. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe blood transcriptome of malaria patients has been used extensively to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and host immune responses to disease, identify candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and reveal new therapeutic targets for drug discovery. This review gives a high-level overview of the three main translational applications of these studies (diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics) by summarising recent literature and outlining the main limitations and future directions of each application. It hi...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - February 29, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Claire Dunican Clare Andradi-Brown Stefan Ebmeier Athina Georgiadou Aubrey J Cunnington Source Type: research
The malarial blood transcriptome: translational applications
Biochem Soc Trans. 2024 Feb 29:BST20230497. doi: 10.1042/BST20230497. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe blood transcriptome of malaria patients has been used extensively to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and host immune responses to disease, identify candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and reveal new therapeutic targets for drug discovery. This review gives a high-level overview of the three main translational applications of these studies (diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics) by summarising recent literature and outlining the main limitations and future directions of each application. It hi...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - February 29, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Claire Dunican Clare Andradi-Brown Stefan Ebmeier Athina Georgiadou Aubrey J Cunnington Source Type: research
The malarial blood transcriptome: translational applications
Biochem Soc Trans. 2024 Feb 29:BST20230497. doi: 10.1042/BST20230497. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe blood transcriptome of malaria patients has been used extensively to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and host immune responses to disease, identify candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and reveal new therapeutic targets for drug discovery. This review gives a high-level overview of the three main translational applications of these studies (diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics) by summarising recent literature and outlining the main limitations and future directions of each application. It hi...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - February 29, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Claire Dunican Clare Andradi-Brown Stefan Ebmeier Athina Georgiadou Aubrey J Cunnington Source Type: research
The malarial blood transcriptome: translational applications
Biochem Soc Trans. 2024 Feb 29:BST20230497. doi: 10.1042/BST20230497. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe blood transcriptome of malaria patients has been used extensively to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and host immune responses to disease, identify candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and reveal new therapeutic targets for drug discovery. This review gives a high-level overview of the three main translational applications of these studies (diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics) by summarising recent literature and outlining the main limitations and future directions of each application. It hi...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - February 29, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Claire Dunican Clare Andradi-Brown Stefan Ebmeier Athina Georgiadou Aubrey J Cunnington Source Type: research
The malarial blood transcriptome: translational applications
Biochem Soc Trans. 2024 Feb 29:BST20230497. doi: 10.1042/BST20230497. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe blood transcriptome of malaria patients has been used extensively to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and host immune responses to disease, identify candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and reveal new therapeutic targets for drug discovery. This review gives a high-level overview of the three main translational applications of these studies (diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics) by summarising recent literature and outlining the main limitations and future directions of each application. It hi...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - February 29, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Claire Dunican Clare Andradi-Brown Stefan Ebmeier Athina Georgiadou Aubrey J Cunnington Source Type: research
The malarial blood transcriptome: translational applications
Biochem Soc Trans. 2024 Feb 29:BST20230497. doi: 10.1042/BST20230497. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe blood transcriptome of malaria patients has been used extensively to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and host immune responses to disease, identify candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and reveal new therapeutic targets for drug discovery. This review gives a high-level overview of the three main translational applications of these studies (diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics) by summarising recent literature and outlining the main limitations and future directions of each application. It hi...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - February 29, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Claire Dunican Clare Andradi-Brown Stefan Ebmeier Athina Georgiadou Aubrey J Cunnington Source Type: research
Friend or foe? Reciprocal regulation between E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases
Biochem Soc Trans. 2024 Feb 28:BST20230454. doi: 10.1042/BST20230454. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTProtein ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that entails the covalent attachment of the small protein ubiquitin (Ub), which acts as a signal to direct protein stability, localization, or interactions. The Ub code is written by a family of enzymes called E3 Ub ligases (∼600 members in humans), which can catalyze the transfer of either a single ubiquitin or the formation of a diverse array of polyubiquitin chains. This code can be edited or erased by a different set of enzymes termed deubiquitinases (DUBs; âˆ...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - February 28, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Derek L Bolhuis Michael J Emanuele Nicholas G Brown Source Type: research
Shaping epithelial lumina under pressure
Biochem Soc Trans. 2024 Feb 28;52(1):331-42. doi: 10.1042/BST20230632C. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe formation of fluid- or gas-filled lumina surrounded by epithelial cells pervades development and disease. We review the balance between lumen pressure and mechanical forces from the surrounding cells that governs lumen formation. We illustrate the mechanical side of this balance in several examples of increasing complexity, and discuss how recent work is beginning to elucidate how nonlinear and active mechanics and anisotropic biomechanical structures must conspire to overcome the isotropy of pressure to form complex, ...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - February 28, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Matthew J Bovyn Pierre A Haas Source Type: research
Friend or foe? Reciprocal regulation between E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases
Biochem Soc Trans. 2024 Feb 28:BST20230454. doi: 10.1042/BST20230454. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTProtein ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that entails the covalent attachment of the small protein ubiquitin (Ub), which acts as a signal to direct protein stability, localization, or interactions. The Ub code is written by a family of enzymes called E3 Ub ligases (∼600 members in humans), which can catalyze the transfer of either a single ubiquitin or the formation of a diverse array of polyubiquitin chains. This code can be edited or erased by a different set of enzymes termed deubiquitinases (DUBs; âˆ...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - February 28, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Derek L Bolhuis Michael J Emanuele Nicholas G Brown Source Type: research
Shaping epithelial lumina under pressure
Biochem Soc Trans. 2024 Feb 28:BST20230632C. doi: 10.1042/BST20230632C. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe formation of fluid- or gas-filled lumina surrounded by epithelial cells pervades development and disease. We review the balance between lumen pressure and mechanical forces from the surrounding cells that governs lumen formation. We illustrate the mechanical side of this balance in several examples of increasing complexity, and discuss how recent work is beginning to elucidate how nonlinear and active mechanics and anisotropic biomechanical structures must conspire to overcome the isotropy of pressure to form complex, ...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - February 28, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Matthew J Bovyn Pierre A Haas Source Type: research
The SMN-ribosome interplay: a new opportunity for Spinal Muscular Atrophy therapies
Biochem Soc Trans. 2024 Feb 28;52(1):465-479. doi: 10.1042/BST20231116.ABSTRACTThe underlying cause of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is in the reduction of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein levels due to mutations in the SMN1 gene. The specific effects of SMN protein loss and the resulting pathological alterations are not fully understood. Given the crucial roles of the SMN protein in snRNP biogenesis and its interactions with ribosomes and translation-related proteins and mRNAs, a decrease in SMN levels below a specific threshold in SMA is expected to affect translational control of gene expression. This review covers b...
Source: Biochemical Society Transactions - February 23, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Gaurav Sharma Martina Paganin Fabio Lauria Elena Perenthaler Gabriella Viero Source Type: research
