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Expression Analysis of GD2 by Immunohistochemistry in Invasive Breast Carcinoma: Clinical and Pathologic Correlation
The glycosphingolipid disialoganglioside GD2 is a cell surface–associated antigen expressed on tumors of neuroectodermal origin that serves as a target of immunotherapy in select cancer types. Information about the expression of GD2 in breast cancer is limited. In the present study, we investigate the utility of GD2 as a potential biomarker for targeted treatment. The study cohort consists of 386 breast carcinomas of several histologic types. GD2 expression was assessed in both whole tumor sections and tissue microarrays with anti-GD2 3F8 monoclonal antibody immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathologic feat...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - February 1, 2022 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Cathepsin K is Superior to HMB45 for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
This study compares the sensitivity of cathepsin K with that of HMB45 as immunohistochemical diagnostic markers for pulmonary LAM. Twenty-one (n=21) specimens of pulmonary LAM were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Pathology of the Cleveland Clinic. All cases were evaluated for protein expression of HMB45 and cathepsin K, on consecutive sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. The intensity and the total area of the immunostaining were quantified using an Aperio Scan Scope and analyzed with imaging software (Spectrum). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad software. The probability o...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - February 1, 2022 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Prognostic Implications of Immune Infiltrates in the Breast Cancer Microenvironment: The Role of Expressions of CTLA-4, PD-1, and LAG-3
In this study, the impact of intensity of TILs and expressions of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) in a group of breast carcinomas with regards to the prognosis and conventional pathologic parameters was scrutinized. For this purpose, 238 patients with IBCs containing different proportions of TILs were included in the study. IBCs with higher proportion of TILs were usually grade III carcinomas and correlated with poor prognostic features like receptor negativity, nonluminal intrinsic subtype (P (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistr...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - February 1, 2022 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Testing Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Malignant Glandular Tumors of the Uterine Cervix Histotyped per the International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC) System
In this study, the IECC algorithm’s diagnoses were compared with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) based IECC histotyping. Kappa statistics measured performance agreement. With additional markers, hierarchical clustering by random forest (RF) classification identified the most discriminating between tumor types, and investigated other algorithms. Three pathologists independently reviewed digitized H&E images of n=152 primary cervical adenocarcinomas for IECC histotype and mucin content, and tissue microarrays for expression of HPV RNA by in situ hybridization and 16 antibodies by immunohistochemistry. Results were finalized by...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - February 1, 2022 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

A Standardization Protocol for the In Situ Detection of SARS-CoV2 RNA and Proteins
This manuscript details a stringent protocol for the in situ detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) RNA and 4 different viral proteins: envelope, spike, membrane, and nucleocapsid. Key aspects of the protocol are: (1) analysis of adjacent (serial) sections for viral RNA and at least 2 viral proteins; (2) cytologic alterations in the cells scored as virus positive based on an hematoxylin and eosin stain; (3) in situ demonstration of a host response in the cells scored as virus positive; (4) co-labeling experiments that show that the viral RNA and/or proteins co-localize with each other and ...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - February 1, 2022 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Proficiency Testing to Improve Interobserver Agreement for Mismatch Repair Deficiency Immunohistochemistry: An Invitation to Join CBQA Readout
No abstract available (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - February 1, 2022 Category: Chemistry Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Relationship Between O-GlcNAcase Expression and Prognosis of Patients With Osteosarcoma
This study aimed to investigate the levels of O-GlcNAc and the expressions of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) in human osteosarcoma tissues, by using immunohistochemistry; and to find correlations between the levels or expressions and several clinicopathologic parameters. There were 109 first diagnosed osteosarcoma patients, including Enneking stage IIB (n=70) and III (n=39). Correlations between the immunoreactive score (IRS) and clinicopathologic parameters, overall survival, and metastasis-free survival were evaluated. A positive correlation was found between the IRS of OGA and the p...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - December 8, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Online Article: Research Article Source Type: research

Detecting Green Fluorescent Protein-tagged Cryptococcus neoformans by Immunofluorescence on Paraffin-embedded Brain Sections
Cryptococcus neoformans is an important pathogen causing opportunistic fungal meningitis. The pathogenic mechanism of cryptococcal meningitis remains unclear. We aimed to describe a practical approach for studying the pathologic features of cryptococcal central nervous system infection by immunofluorescence on paraffin-embedded brain of mice using different antigen retrieval methods. After 14 days of intratracheal inoculation of green fluorescent protein-tagged C. neoformans (H99-GFP), C57BL/6J mice brains were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Antigen retrieval methods such as microwaves, 1% sodium la...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - December 8, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Prognostic and Clinicopathologic Associations of LAG-3 Expression in Triple-negative Breast Cancer
In conclusion, LAG-3 expression is associated with improved survival in TNBC. LAG-3 is often coexpressed with PD-L1, confirming that TNBC is likely a suitable candidate for cotreatment with LAG-3 and programmed cell death protein 1/PD-L1 inhibitors. However, coexpression does not confer additional survival benefits. (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - December 8, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

PD-L1 Tumor Cell Expression in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas is Associated With Higher Pathologic Stage
Conclusions: Our study using approved testing methods shows that PD-L1 expression in UTUC is more often associated with high pathologic stage, which may reflect an immune response evasion mechanism that UC cells acquire later in disease progression. In addition we show that 29.7% of UTUCs are positive for PD-L1 TPS expression, comparable to the 20% to 30% reported in UC literature. Finally, PD-L1 22C3 and 28-8 clones show similar overall patterns of staining in this setting. (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - December 8, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Screening Strategy for Detecting Double-Hit Lymphoma in a Resource-Limited Setting
Conclusion: We propose a highly sensitive screening strategy for detection of MYC/BCL2 rearrangement in high-grade B-cell lymphoma in a resource-limited setting (pending validation in a larger cohort). (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - December 8, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

ERG Immunoreactivity in Blastic Hematolymphoid Neoplasms: Diagnostic Pitfall in the Workup of Undifferentiated Malignant Neoplasms
Undifferentiated malignant neoplasms pose diagnostic challenges, and reliable immunohistochemical markers with well-characterized staining profiles are desirable when characterizing them. Our initial observation of erythroblast transformation specific regulated gene-1 (ERG) reactivity in myeloid sarcomas led us to broadly explore the utility of ERG as a marker of immature hematolymphoid neoplasms presenting in extramedullary sites. We stained 207 immature and mature hematolymphoid lesions as well as 39 benign hematolymphoid tissues and found weak-to-moderate ERG immunopositivity in 15 of 16 (94%) acute myeloid leukemias/my...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - December 8, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Reliability and Role of Mutation-specific H3F3A (Histone 3-3) G34W Immunohistochemistry to Differentiate Giant Cell Tumor of Bone From its Clinicoradiologic and Histologic Mimics: An Institutional Study
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a benign neoplasm, which can sometimes be a diagnostic challenge, especially in small biopsies, due to its histologic benign and malignant mimics. We evaluated the role of H3.3 G34W immunohistochemistry (IHC) antibody in diagnosing GCTB and its role in differentiating it from its close histologic mimics. A total of 120 cases (80 cases of GCTB and 40 cases of histologic mimics) were retrieved and subjected to IHC. Of 80 cases of GCTB, 72 cases showed a positive nuclear immunoexpression, while all 40 cases of histologic mimics of GCTB showed a negative staining for H3.3 G34W IHC. Sensitivit...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - December 8, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Effects of Slide Storage on Detection of Molecular Markers by IHC and FISH in Endometrial Cancer Tissues From a Clinical Trial: An NRG Oncology/GOG Pilot Study
We performed a pilot study in anticipation of using long-aged precut formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections stored in real-world conditions for translational biomarker studies of topoisomerase 2A (TOP2A), Ki67, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in endometrial cancer. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks or unstained slides or both from GOG-0177 were collected centrally (1999-2000) and stored at room temperature. During 2004 to 2011 specimens were stored at 4°C. Matched pairs of stored slides and freshly cut slides from stored blocks were analyzed for TOP2A (KiS1), Ki67 (MIB1), and HER...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - December 8, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Histologic and Molecular Characterization of Non−Small Cell Lung Carcinoma With Discordant ROS1 Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Introduction: ROS1 immunohistochemical (IHC) positivity requires follow-up with confirmatory testing such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Identifying predictive characteristics of false positive ROS1 IHC cases could aid in optimizing testing algorithms, decrease testing costs and preserve tissue. Materials and Methods: Retrospective results were retrieved for 2054 patients with non−small cell lung carcinoma submitted to our laboratory for molecular testing. Reflex ROS1 FISH was done on all ROS1 immunoreactive cases using ROS1 D4D6 antibody. Staining intensity and histo-score was recorded for all ...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - December 8, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research