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Expression of Nectin-4 in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, in Morphologic Variants, and Nonurothelial Histotypes
The antibody-drug conjugate enfortumab-vedotin acts by targeting nectin-4, a protein that is nearly ubiquitously expressed in conventional urothelial cancer. However, expression of nectin-4 in morphologic variants of urothelial carcinoma and nonurothelial histotypes was unknown. Immunohistochemistry for nectin-4 using was performed on 169 patients including 83 with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer and 86 patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. Staining was scored for intensity (0 to 3) and extent (% positive cells) using the histological score system, where>15 was considered positive. Overall, 72/83 (87%) samples of...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - September 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

MLH1, MSH2, MRE11, and XRCC1 in Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Conclusions: This study supports the effect of the overexpression of MSH2 protein in samples of OL with dysplasia and OSCC, most notably in patients who present with comorbidities and negativity for OL without dysplasia. (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - September 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Langerhans Cells Correlate With Macrophages for Defense Mechanisms in the Atrophic Epithelium of Radicular Cysts
In conclusion, LCs participate in defense mechanisms and were present in all cases evaluated. Along with macrophages, these cells release proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, which is responsible for inducing the continued proliferation of cystic epithelium. (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - September 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

SDHC Methylation Pattern in Patients With Carney Triad
Carney triad is a multitumor syndrome affecting almost exclusively young women in a nonfamilial setting, which manifests by multifocal gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors, paragangliomas, and pulmonary chondroma. The Carney triad–associated tumors are characterized by a deficiency of the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase enzymatic complex. Recently, it has been observed that the deficiency results from epigenetic silencing of the SDHC gene by its promoter hypermethylation. To elucidate anatomic distribution of SDHC promoter methylation in Carney triad patients and thus to shed some light on the possible natural d...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - September 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Clinical Application of Chromosome Microarray Analysis in the Diagnosis of Lipomatous Tumors
In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CMA on routine formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue is a sensitive and specific clinical test for detection of MDM2 gene amplification. Moreover, CMA allows simultaneous detection of genomic changes of interest including CDK4 and others, which provides enriched information for diagnosing lipomatous tumors. (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - September 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

UBE2V2 Positively Correlates With PD-L1 Expression and Confers Poor Patient Survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma
This research aims to explore the diagnostic and prognostic value of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 2 (UBE2V2) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The expression of UBE2V2 in clinical specimens was evaluated by bioinformatics analyses and immunohistochemistry. Bioinformatics analyses relying on the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database suggested the elevated UBE2V2 mRNA levels in LUAD in comparison to adjacent normal tissues. Gene set enrichment analyses and gene ontology term enrichment analyses further showed the involvement of UBE2V2 in the modulation of cell cycle and immune associated signaling. The correlation ...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - September 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Nuclear EGFR Expression Is Associated With Poor Survival in Laryngeal Carcinoma
The membrane EGFR (mEGFR) protein overexpression in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is considered to cause increased EGFR activity which adds to tumorigenicity and therapy resistance. The mEGFR upon stimulation can translocate to the nucleus nuclear EGFR (nEGFR) where it has been associated with poor prognosis and worse survival in many cancers. The relevance of differentially located EGFR proteins in laryngeal lesions has not been studied enough and remains unclear. Aim of our study was to examine nEGFR and mEGFR protein expression as well as EGFR gene status and cell cycle proliferation markers in the lar...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - September 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Expression and Mutation Alterations of ZMYM4 Gene in Gastric and Colonic Cancers
In this study, we analyzed 4 sites of mononucleotide repeats in the coding sequence of ZMYM4 in gastric (GC) and colonic cancers (CC). Seven of the 32 high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) GCs (21.9%) and 23 of 113 MSI-H CCs (20.4%) harbored ZMYM4 frameshift mutations with no significant difference between the 2 organs (P>0.05). There was no ZMYM4 frameshift mutations in microsatellite-stable GCs and CCs. We also identified that 6 of 16 MSI-H CCs (37.5%) exhibited intratumoral heterogeneity of the ZMYM4 frameshift mutations. In both GC and CC with MSI-H, ZMYM4 expression in ZMYM4-mutated cases was significantly lower tha...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - September 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

High Expression of PRSS3 Indicates Unfavorable Clinical Outcomes in Colon Adenocarcinoma
Conclusions: High expression of PRSS3 was significantly related to the unfavorable clinical features and poor prognosis in CAC patients. It suggested that PRSS3 might serve as a novel prognostic indicator and potential drug target for CAC treatment. (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - September 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Immune Microenvironment in Gallbladder Adenocarcinomas
In this study we examined PD1 expression in gallbladder cancer to explore the correlation between PD1 expression and the clinicopathologic parameters. We found that 98% (46/47) cases expressed programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) with 85% cases being PD-L1 3+. PD1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were present in 78.7% cases (37/47). The tumor size was significantly smaller and the stromal CD3+ TILs were significantly higher in tumors with PD1+ TILs than those with PD1− TILs. In the tumors with size of 115/HPF or stromal CD8+ TILs>45/HPF were associated with much better survival than those with stromal CD3+ TILs ≤115...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - September 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Mast Cells and Proteins Related to Myofibroblast Differentiation (PAR-2, IL-6, and TGFβ1) in Salivary Cancers: A Preliminary Study
This study evaluated the distribution of mast cells and related proteins (PAR-2, TGFβ1, IL-6) to the myofibroblastic differentiation in malignant tumors of salivary glands with and without myoepithelial differentiation. Immunohistochemical assessement for tryptase mast cells, SMA, PAR-2, TGFβ1, IL-6 was performed in 10 cases of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, 14 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and 10 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma. When the density of mast cells were compared between tumors, their density was significantly higher in MEC (P=0.08). Tumors with high expression of PAR-2 (79.4%) exhibited a ...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - August 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Online Article: Research Article Source Type: research

A Simple and Quick Method for Decalcification Using Mouse Tail as a Model for Preparation of Lymphedema Study
The disadvantage of 10% EDTA decalcification is a long time-consuming. It needs to identify a quick and straightforward decalcification method when the preparation of lymphedema models using mouse tail which was a sample of bone wrapped in other tissues. In the present study, mouse tail samples were decalcified in 10% EDTA at 25, 37, and 42°C, respectively, with continuous shaking (150 rpm/min). The histologic integrity of samples was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the preservation of antigenicity was tested by either immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. The decalcification was distinctly accele...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - August 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Technical Article Source Type: research

Identification of a Novel De Novo COMP Gene Variant as a Likely Cause of Pseudoachondroplasia
In this study, we identify and report a novel variation in the COMP gene, c.1420_1422del (p.Asn47del), causing a spontaneous form of PSACH in our patient. Our in silico model indicated that any mutational changes in this region are very susceptible to PASCH phenotype. Overall, this study is the first PSACH case in the Turkish Cypriot population. Moreover, this finding contributes to the concept that the genotype-phenotype correlation in COMP is still unknown and also improves our understanding of this complex disorder. (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - August 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

CDH17+/CDX2+ Can be Helpful in Providing Support for Small Intestinal Origin Versus Pancreatic or Biliary Origin
In this study, we evaluated 78 patient samples, including 26 small intestinal adenocarcinomas, 35 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, and 17 cholangiocarcinomas by immunohistochemical detection of cadherin-17 (CDH17), CDX2, CK20, and CK19 protein expression. The result showed that CDH17 and CDX2 expression was higher in small intestinal adenocarcinoma (73.1% and 65.4%) than in pancreatic (14.3% and 2.9%) and bile duct (41.2% and 23.5%) cancers, respectively. CK20 expression was low in 78 tumor tissues, but relatively high in small intestinal adenocarcinoma (42.3%). CK19 showed a strong positive expression in all 78 adenocar...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - August 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

The Role of CK7, S100A1, and CD82 (KAI1) Expression in the Differential Diagnosis of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma and Renal Oncocytoma
In this study, we immunohistochemically investigated the expressions of CK7, S100A1, and CD82 in 30 chromophobe RCC (23 classic and 7 eosinophilic variant) and 19 oncocytomas. When these markers were evaluated separately and together, their expressions in chromophobe RCC and renal oncocytoma show statistically significant difference (P (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - August 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research