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Overexpression of the TRIM24 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase is Linked to Genetic Instability and Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis in Prostate Cancer
Tripartite motif containing 24 (TRIM24) is a multifunctional protein involved in p53 degradation, chromatin binding, and transcriptional modulation of nuclear receptors. Emerging research has revealed that upregulation of TRIM24 in numerous tumor types is linked to poor prognosis, attributing an important role to TRIM24 in tumor biology. In order to better understand the role of TRIM24 in prostate cancer, we analyzed its immunohistochemical expression on a tissue microarray containing>17,000 prostate cancer specimens. TRIM24 immunostaining was detectable in 61% of 15,321 interpretable cancers, including low expression in 4...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - April 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Online Article: Research Article Source Type: research

HER2 Mutated and Nonmutated Non–small Cell Lung Carcinomas Can Harbor Heterogeneous HER2 Gene Amplification and HER2 Protein Expression
Molecular analyses have become mandatory for treatment choices in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Among them, HER2 gene mutation, HER2 gene amplification, and HER2 protein expression consist in potential targets of various treatments. Tumor heterogeneity and overlapping of molecular alterations may cause dilemmas in treatment choices but to date there are few that reported about HER2 with discrepant data. We led a retrospective study evaluating HER2 protein expression and HER2 gene/chromosome 17 copy number variations across different tumor areas and samples from patients with advanced NSCLC h...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - April 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Technical Article Source Type: research

TTF-1 and c-MYC-defined Phenotypes of Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Delta-like Protein 3 Expression for Treatment Selection
The standard treatment regimen has not yet been established for advanced pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) because of its rarity. LCNEC can be subdivided into 2 mutually exclusive molecular subgroups: STK11/KEAP1 and TP53 mutated with high neuroendocrine expression and transcriptional profile of ASCL1high/DLL3high/NOTCHlow (non–small cell lung carcinoma, NSCLC-like) or RB1 and TP53 mutated with reduced neuroendocrine markers and transcriptional pattern of ASCL1low/DLL3low/NOTCHhigh (small cell lung cancer, SCLC-like). Model-based clustering shows that SCLC has subdivided into 2 major proteomic subsets...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - April 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Increased Cytoplasmic Yes-associated Protein (YAP) Expression in Mismatch Repair Protein-Proficient Colorectal Cancer With High-grade Tumor Budding and Reduced Autophagy Activity
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional coactivator regulated by autophagy that stimulates colorectal cancer (CRC) progression through activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), represented by tumor budding. The associations between these components in CRC are unknown. Archived surgically resected CRCs with known mismatch repair protein (MMR) status were retrieved (n=81; 2010 to 2016). Electronic medical records were reviewed for clinicopathologic variables including pathologic TNM stage and clinical stage. Tumor budding was graded according to consensus guidelines. Cytoplasmic and nuclear YAP and p62...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - April 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Molecular Profiling Reveals Limited Targetable Biomarkers in Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Cervix
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (NEC) is a rare and highly aggressive cervical malignancy. Given that no targeted therapy has been approved specifically to NEC, we investigated the presence of novel, potentially targetable biomarkers in a large cohort of NEC. Sixty-two NEC were molecularly profiled for biomarkers of targeted therapies including antibody-drug conjugates [delta-like canonical notch ligand 3 (DLL3), a trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP-2), and folate receptor 1 (FOLR1)], NTRK1-3 gene fusions, and immune checkpoint inhibitors [programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor mutational burden, and microsa...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - April 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

PAX8 Expression in Breast Cancer
PAX8 expression is frequently detected in renal, thyroidal, and Müllerian carcinomas, and PAX8 immunohistochemistry is often used to confirm the origin of these tumors. Tumors metastatic to the breast may masquerade as primary breast lesions. PAX8 is strongly expressed in tumors of Müllerian origin and largely negative in breast primaries, but an immunohistochemical expression of PAX8 in breast cancer has not been systematically evaluated in a large series. We analyzed 266 cases of invasive carcinoma of the breast on tissue microarrays and whole tissue sections with a PAX8 monoclonal antibody. Both the extent (focal or d...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - April 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

L1CAM Expression in Recurrent Estrogen Positive/HER2 Negative Breast Cancer: A Novel Biomarker Worth Considering
We investigate L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) expression in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)-negative breast carcinomas. The finding of a potential correlation between high L1CAM expression and recurrent/metastatic disease in luminal A and B breast carcinomas may be helpful for risk stratification and open opportunities for targeted therapies. 304 cases comprising 152 cases of ER-positive, progesterone receptor (PR)-positive/negative, and HER2-negative recurrent/metastatic breast carcinomas and 152 nonrecurrent controls were included. ER, PR, HER-2, Ki-67 status, Nottingham g...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - April 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Clinical Significance of Immunohistochemical Expression of Neuropeptide Y1 Receptor in Patients With Breast Cancer in Egypt
This study included 92 patients with BC. Immunohistochemical staining for NPY1R was done on paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tissue sections. Statistically significant increases in NPY1R expression was seen in malignant (46/92; 50%) versus non-neoplastic tissue (12/29; 20.7%) (P (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - April 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Polymorphic Variants in 5′-UTR Regions of the RAD51 Gene are Associated With RAD51 Expression and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): A Case-Control Study
In conclusion, the G135C and C135C variants together with the cytoplasmic expression of RAD51 may have clinical potential as a prognostic predictor for breast cancer development and aggressiveness. (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - April 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Best Practice (Efficient) Immunohistologic Panel for Diagnosing Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays a key role in the diagnosis of metaplastic breast carcinomas (MBCs), particularly the spindle cell variant. The most efficient immunopanel has yet to be developed. We studied the immunoprofile of 45 MBCs including 23 matrix-producing MBCs, 11 squamous cell carcinomas, 6 spindle cell carcinomas, and 5 mixed-subtypes (2 cases including spindle cell components). Representative sections from mastectomy or core biopsy specimens were subject to IHC using a list of antibodies including OSCAR, a recently developed antibody against pooled cytokeratins. The staining was interpreted as positive when>1...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - April 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Prevalence Study of PD-L1 SP142 Assay in Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on immune cells (IC) using the VENTANA SP142 assay is linked to improved clinical outcome in atezolizumab plus nab—paclitaxel-treated patients with mTNBC in the IMpassion130 study. The goal of the current study was to evaluate prevalence of VENTANA SP142 PD-L1 assay by anatomic location in 670 histologically confirmed TNBC cases from subjects with metastatic disease screened for the phase 1 study PCD4989g (NCT01375842). PD-L1 immunohistochemistry was centrally tested on tumor cells (TC) and on ...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - April 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Molecular Subtyping of Triple Negative Breast Cancer by Surrogate Immunohistochemistry Markers
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease and an attempt was made to classify TNBCs into surrogate molecular subtypes using immunohistochemical markers. Tissue microarrays were constructed for 245 cases of TNBCs. For classification of TNBCs immunohistochemistry was done on tissue microarrays for cytokeratin 5/6, 4/14 (CK5/6, CK4/14), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vimentin, E-cadherin, claudin 3 and 7, androgen receptor (AR) and aldehyde dehydrogenase1A. The TNBCs were classified into basal-like 1 (BL1) type (CK5/6+, CK4/14+, EGFR− n=32; 13.1%), basal-like 2 (BL2) type (EGFR+, n=4; 1.6%), ...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - April 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

What to Expect From the New ASCO/CAP Guideline Recommendations for Hormone Receptor Testing in Breast Cancer: A National Reference Laboratory Experience
In conclusion, the new ASCO/CAP guidelines recommend laboratories to establish and follow SOP to confirm or adjudicate ER results for about 30% of the cases before reporting hormone receptors status. Over 40% of cases with (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - April 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

A Scoring Method for Immunohistochemical Staining on Ki67
In this study, we present a novel scoring method for interpreting and reporting of IHC staining assay results for the nuclear-type molecule. On the basis of the histologic characteristics, the samples were subdivided into 3 basic structural units and tissue subtypes including covered, mosaic, and mesenchymal subtypes. A cut-off of moderate-positive (2+) cells and 10% as the differential expression were applied to stratify the results into 11 grade scoring system (0 to X level). The observer can directly identify and count the number and percentage of positive cells from IHC staining data. Furthermore, Ki67 staining results...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - March 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Online Article: Research Article Source Type: research

The Prognostic Significance of APOBEC3B and PD-L1/PD-1 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Conclusions: APOBEC3B showed association with aggressive behavior and poor outcome in NPC, and is also considered as a potential marker for predicting NPC recurrence or metastasis. PD-L1 is not associated with the aggressive behavior and poor outcome in NPC. (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - March 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research