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The Usefulness of 4 Immunoperoxidase Stains Applied to Urinary Cytology Samples in the Pathologic Stage of Urothelial Carcinoma: A Study With Histologic Correlation
Conclusion: Using (CD44, ProExC, Laminin, and Fascin) on urinary cytology is a simple, reliable, and noninvasive method for the staging of urothelial carcinoma with 99% total accuracy. (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - July 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

PLA2R Immunohistochemistry Staining in Membranous Glomerulopathy: A Challenging Stain to Interpret But a Potentially Useful Diagnostic Tool
Circulating autoantibodies to phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R-Ab) are detected in>70% of patients with primary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). Detection of PLA2R antigen in renal tissue, with immunohistochemistry (PLA2R IHC), strongly correlates with serum PLA2R-Ab, although it is more sensitive. As PLA2R IHC in literature has no univocal interpretation, we suggest reliable criteria for a standard approach for the assessment of immunostaining for differential diagnosis between primary and secondary MGN. We analyzed PLA2R IHC expression in 40 biopsies of patients with MGN and serum PLA2R-Ab titer at the time of biopsy...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - July 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Coexpress of GATA-3 and ER in Anorectal and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mimicking Metastatic Breast Cancer
In this study, we sought to characterize GATA-3 and ER expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) of various origins to compare with breast carcinoma. Sixty-four SqCC of anorectum (35), head and neck (15), lung (11), and breast (3) as well as urothelial carcinoma (31) were included. In anorectal and head and neck SqCC, GATA-3, and ER was observed in 23/50 (46.0%) and 18/50 (36.0%) of the cases, respectively. The expression of GATA-3 and ER were present in both male and female patients without significant sex predominance. In 2 metastatic SqCC, the GATA-3 and ER expressed similar immunoreactivity compatible with their ano...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - July 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Expression of Immune Checkpoint Regulators, Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4, and Programmed Death-Ligand 1 in Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common cancer arising from the nasopharynx with a poor prognosis. Targeting immune checkpoint is one of the new promising lines in cancer treatment. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are immune checkpoints that regulate T-cell immune function. Aim: This work aimed to assess the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in NPC and their ability to predict survival and response therapy and to check their validity as immunotherapy targets. Twenty-six cases of NPC were studied by immunohistochemistry for PD-...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - July 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Orabase Promotes Oral Epithelization in a Wound Healing Rat Model: An Immunohistochemical Study
Conclusions: Orabase promotes epithelial gap closure in a primary wound healing model in rats. The effect is exerted through promotion of epithelial differentiation from stem cells. (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - May 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Online Article: Research Article Source Type: research

Report of a Rare Case of Spindle Cell Ameloblastic Carcinoma and the Diagnostic Utility of Immunohistochemistry
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare aggressive malignant epithelial odontogenic tumor. The spindle cell variant of ameloblastic carcinoma (SCAC) is exceedingly rare with 15 cases of SCAC having been reported. Therefore, because of the paucity of cases in literature related to SCAC, the biological behavior of the entity has not been well evaluated. Herein the authors report a case of incidentally diagnosed SCAC in a 20-year-old woman identified on imaging as part of the evaluation of a work-related facial injury. Histologically, the tumor had background of cystic ameloblastoma with areas of dense hypercellular spindle cells wi...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - May 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Update on Oral Pathology: Research Articles Source Type: research

Comparison of Immunohistochemistry and DNA Sequencing for BRAF V600E Mutation Detection in Mandibular Ameloblastomas
This study aimed to investigate the presence of BRAF V600E mutation in mandibular ameloblastoma by comparing the results of molecular detection and immunohistochemical analysis. A 128 cases of mandibular ameloblastoma and 30 cases of dentigerous cyst (control group) were selected for analysis. Detection of BRAF V600E mutation was performed with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction techniques. Clinico-pathologic data were collected in order to investigate possible associations with the mutation. Of the 128 cases submitted to IHC, 81.2% (108 cases) showed positivity for anti-BRAF V600E antibody, whereas 2...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - May 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Update on Oral Pathology: Research Articles Source Type: research

Immunohistochemical Expression of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and Vimentin and its Correlation With Inflammatory Reaction and Clinical Parameters in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia
The aim of this study was to investigate the immunoexpression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), and vimentin (VIM) and its association with the inflammatory reaction (IR) and clinical parameters in oral epithelial dysplasia (ED). The sample was composed of 66 cases of ED, 27 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and 28 non-neoplastic epithelium (NNE). ED was graded according to the binary system as low-risk ED (n=42) and high-risk epithelial dysplasia (HRED: n=24). The IR was defined as the median number of inflammatory cells present on the connective tissue in 5 consec...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - May 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Update on Oral Pathology: Research Articles Source Type: research

Immunoexpression of Apoptosis and Cell-cycle Arrest Markers in Oral Lichen Planus
The expression pattern of a panel of 5 molecular markers (p53, cyclin D1, Ki-67, BCL-2, and BAX) was studied in samples from patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and normal oral mucosa (NOM) of healthy controls to investigate the implications of cell cycle and apoptosis in OLP. The 59 OLP and 16 NOM biopsies were stained by an inmunoperoxidase technique for p53, cyclin D1, Ki-67, BCL-2, and BAX and assessed microscopically for semiquantitative analysis. Positivity for BCL-2 and Ki-67 was significantly more frequent in NOM than in OLP (P (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - May 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Update on Oral Pathology: Research Articles Source Type: research

BDNF/TrkB/Akt Signaling Pathway Epithelial Odontogenic Tumors and Keratocyst: An Immunohistochemical Study Comparative With Dental Germs
In conclusion, BDNF seems to participate in the development of cystic, benign, and malignant odontogenic epithelium to similar degrees. The acquisition of the invasive or malignant phenotype in odontogenic neoplasms is not associated with alterations in the BDNF/TrkB/Akt/RPS6 axis, which could be implicated in the differentiation process. (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - May 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Update on Oral Pathology: Research Articles Source Type: research

Prognostic Relevance of Macrophage Phenotypes in High-grade Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinomas
This study evaluated the macrophage polarization in OTSCC specimens to examine their prognostic relevance. To this end, specimens from 71 OTSCC patients graded as G1 or G3 were investigated for CD11c and CD163 expression. Immunohistochemical staining of TAMs was evaluated in tumor nests, tumor inflammation area (TIA), and tumor stroma. To analyze the expression of CD11c and CD163, the percentage of positive cells was scored as 0 (negative), 1 (80%). The staining intensity was scored as 0 (negative), 1 (weak), 2 (moderate), and 3 (intense). Higher expression of both CD163+ and CD11c+ macrophages in inflammation area positiv...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - May 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Update on Oral Pathology: Research Articles Source Type: research

Differentiated Immunohistochemical Expression of Osteoclastogenic Markers in Radicular Cyst, Odontogenic Keratocyst, and Ameloblastoma
The aim of this study was to investigate the osteoclastogenesis process by means of immunohistochemical markers for receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cathepsin K (CTSK) antigens in osteolytic lesions of maxillary bones. The sample consisted of 23 radicular cysts (RC), 25 odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), and 25 ameloblastomas (AM). RANKL was statistically higher in RC (49.6±15.2/53.7±18) and OKC (48.6±15.1/51.4±16.8) when compared with AM (37.2±12.5/36.4±13) in the epithelium and connective tissue. OPG was lower in OKC (34.8±18.5) only in connectiv...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - May 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Update on Oral Pathology: Research Articles Source Type: research

Glypican-1, -3, -5 (GPC1, GPC3, GPC5) and Hedgehog Pathway Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
This study aimed to investigate the gene and protein expression of glypican-1 (GPC1), -3 (GPC3), and -5 (GPC5) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and tumor-free lateral margins (TM) and their association with the HH pathway. Quantitative PCR was performed for GPC1, GPC3, GPC5, SHH, PTCH1, SMO, and GLI1 genes in samples of OSCC (n=31), TM (n=12), and non-neoplastic oral mucosa (NNM) of healthy patients (n=6), alongside an immunohistochemical evaluation of GPC1, GPC3, and GPC5 proteins and HH proteins SHH and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1). Double staining for GPC3/SHH, GPC5/SHH, GPC3/tubulin [ac Lys40], GPC...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - May 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Update on Oral Pathology: Research Articles Source Type: research

Immunodetection of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Proliferation Markers in GLi-1-positive Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), involvement and activation of the Hedgehog pathway (HH) may be related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell proliferation. The present study aimed to evaluate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and proliferative potential in OSCC cases demonstrating activation of the HH pathway. Twenty-three GLi-1-positive OSCC cases were submitted to immunohistochemical detection of Snail, Slug, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, β-catenin, and MCM3 proteins. Clinical-pathologic immunoexpression data were obtained from the invasion front and tumor islets, and then compared. At the invasion front, OSCC...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - May 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Update on Oral Pathology: Research Articles Source Type: research

Immunohistochemical Validation of Rare Tissues and Antigens With Low Frequency of Occurrence: Recommendations From The Anatomic Pathology Patient Interest Association (APPIA)
Laboratories worldwide find it challenging to identify enough tissues and cases for verification and validation studies of low-incidence, rare antigens. These antigens have a low frequency of occurrence in the population, or have little or no expression in normal tissues. Validation studies are essential to assure testing standardization before introducing a new instrument, product, or test into the clinical laboratory. The College of American Pathologists has published comprehensive guidelines for the verification and validation of new immunohistochemical tests introduced into the laboratory menu. Within the guidelines, v...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - May 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Review Article Source Type: research