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Immunohistochemical Expression Pattern of Mismatch Repair Genes in the Short-term Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rat Kidneys
We studied the expression of mismatch repair genes (MMRs)—mutS protein homolog 2 (MSH2), PMS2, MutL homolog 1 (MLH1), and yH2AFX in diabetic rat kidneys. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus type 1 rat model (DM1) was used. Renal samples were collected 2 weeks and 2 months after DM1 induction and immunohistochemical expression of MMR genes in the renal cortex was analyzed. Diabetic animals showed lower MSH2 and higher yH2AFX kidney expression both 2 weeks and 2 months after DM1 induction. MLH1 expression significantly increased 2 weeks after DM1 induction (P (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - October 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Online Article: Research Article Source Type: research

Immunohistochemical Characterization of Bcl-2 in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
Bcl-2 is a group of apoptotic proteins that play a key role in cellular homeostasis. Overexpression of Bcl-2 has been associated with the poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study is to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2 in healthy oral mucosa, different oral potentially malignant disorders and OSCC, and to determine its diagnostic value. A retrospective observational study was carried out in the Oral Medicine Unit of the University of Santiago de Compostela. All the clinicopathologic data were collected and paraffin-embedded blocks were available to perform the immunohis...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - October 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Clinical Significance and Prognostic Value of SOX2 Protein Expression in Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Conclusion: SOX2 may worsen the prognosis and be a progressive malignant factor, which can help clinicians investigate OSCC patients’ survival and plan the appropriate treatment accordingly. (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - October 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Does Loss of Immunohistochemical Expression of Glypican 3 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Play a Role in the Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway?
Glypican 3 (GPC3) is a cell membrane protein and plays a dual role, as a tumor suppressor and oncogene, depending on its structure. It is known to regulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and affect cell growth and proliferation. β-catenin plays a major oncogenic role in progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); thus, this study aimed to explore the relationship between β-catenin and GPC3 in OSCC. Immunoexpression of GPC3 and β-catenin was evaluated semiquantitatively in tumor tissue (n=80) and normal oral mucosa tissue (n=20). For GPC3, the percentage of stained cells and the staining intensity were asse...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - October 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Low PDCD4 Expression Is Associated With Poor Prognosis of Colorectal Carcinoma
Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is a tumor suppressor gene that inhibits tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Decreased PDCD4 expression is associated with poor prognosis in various types of cancers. We evaluated PDCD4 expression and its clinicopathologic correlation, including patient survival, in 289 surgically resected colorectal cancers. Low nuclear PDCD4 expression was identified in 177 (61.2%) cases and was associated with large tumor size, high pT classification, and the presence of lymphovascular and perineural invasion. The 5-year survival rate of patients with low nuclear PDCD4 expression was significantl...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - October 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

PAX-8 Expression in Salivary Duct Carcinoma
Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a high-grade adenocarcinoma resembling breast ductal carcinoma. It accounts for ~10% of malignant tumors of the salivary glands. Most cases show expression of CK7 and androgen receptor. PAX-8 is a transcription factor, with expression reported in renal, Müllerian, and thyroid carcinomas. Previous studies have described an absence of PAX-8 immunostaining in most primary salivary gland neoplasms, including SDCs. However, PAX-8 expression is frequently found in neoplasms that can metastasize to salivary glands, suggesting the possibility that this protein can be used to differentiate SDC from...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - October 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Variations of P40 and P63 Immunostains in Different Grades of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall
The distinction of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from adenocarcinoma (adenoCA) using targeted therapies has become critical for small biopsies. In the United States, esophageal SCC is relatively uncommon compared with AdenoCA, with only few detailed immunohistochemical (IHC) studies on esophageal SCC. We characterized p40 and p63 IHC across various grades of squamous differentiation in esophageal SCC and compared their sensitivities between esophageal SCC and adenoCA. Twenty-eight esophageal SCC and 26 esophageal adenoCA (control group) samples were stained for p40, p63, and CK5/6. All hematoxylin-and-eosin-stai...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - October 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Intrapatient Tumor Heterogeneity in IHC Interpretation Using PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx
This study aims to investigate tumor heterogeneity impact on IHC staining when evaluating PD-L1 expression using PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx. The effect of tumor heterogeneity was evaluated based on the PD-L1 diagnostic status of PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx stained tumor tissue sections at relevant diagnostic cutoffs for non–small cell lung carcinoma, gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer and triple negative breast cancer. Overall agreement for the PD-L1 diagnostic status was assessed for each tumor type within a given specimen block (Int...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - October 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

E-cadherin and N-cadherin Immunohistochemical Expression in Proliferating Urothelial Lesions: Potential Novel Cancer Predictive EMT Profiles
In this study, we tested CS signified by a reduction in urothelial cells E-cadherin expression and/or aberrant N-cadherin expression in proliferative epithelial changes (PEC) associating inflammation, non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Immunohistochemical study of both E-cadherin and N-cadherin was performed for 60 cases: 15 PEC, 8 NMIBC, and 37 MIBC. CS patterns were analyzed: abnormal CS patterns were expressed as deviated, hybrid, co-negative, and full CS patterns. E-cadherin expression was significantly preserved in PEC (86.7%) followed by NMIBC (62.5%) and then MIB...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - October 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL): Prognostic Implications of Molecular Subtyping and JAK-STAT Pathway
In this study, we subtyped ALK-negative ALCL based on DUSP22 rearrangements and TP63 expression and also looked for mutations in JAK-STAT pathway. The subtyping of the ALK-negative ALCL in relation to DUSP22 rearrangement and TP63 expression was done using fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The hotspot JAK-STAT mutations were analyzed using Sanger sequencing and amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression by immunohistochemistry. Forty-eight cases of ALCL were included with median a...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - October 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

NordiQC Assessments of Synaptophysin Immunoassays
This paper is number 8 in a series developed through a partnership between ISIMM and NordiQC with the purpose of reporting research assessing the performance characteristics of immunoassays in an external proficiency testing program. (Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology)
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - October 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Technical Article Source Type: research

HER2 Testing: Insights From Pathologists’ Perspective on Technically Challenging HER2 FISH Cases
Objective: College of American Pathologists and the American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines provide straightforward criteria for HER2 interpretation in breast carcinomas; however, a subset of cases present unusual diagnostic dilemmas. Materials and Methods: Ten challenging HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) cases were selected for analysis. The study included a variety of problematic cases such as those with discordant immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FISH results, cases with high intratumoral variability in HER2 copy number, a case with a highly amplified clone in 5% to 10% of the tumor sampl...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - October 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

DFSP of the Breast: Histomorphological, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Features of a Rare Case in an Unusual Location
We present a case of a 21-year-old female with a vague nontender mass in the lower inner quadrant of the left breast discovered incidentally on chest imaging following trauma. A breast ultrasound demonstrated an 8×6×8 mm irregular hyperechoic mass at the 7 o’clock position of the left breast, 9 cm from the nipple. The mass was graded Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 4 (suspicious finding). An ultrasound-guided biopsy of the mass showed a proliferation of monotonous spindled cells in a storiform pattern with tapered nuclei with infiltration into the adipose tissue. No normal breast element...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - September 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Online Articles: Research Articles Source Type: research

Valosin-containing Protein in Psoriasis: A Clinical and Immunohistochemical Study
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease, affects about 2% to 3% of the world population. Valosin-containing protein (VCP) is one of the newly discovered markers that is highly expressed in neoplasms and hyperproliferative lesions. This work aimed to study the role of VCP in psoriasis vulgaris by immunohistochemical study and correlate its expression with the available clinicopathologic data. This prospective case-control study was conducted on 25 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 25 age-matched and sex-matched healthy individuals as a control group. Skin biopsies were taken under local anesthesi...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - September 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Online Articles: Research Articles Source Type: research

Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Must be Preferred to pan-TRK Immunohistochemistry to Diagnose NTRK3-rearranged Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Nevertheless, some GISTs do not contain any targetable KIT or PDGFRA mutations classically encountered in this field. Novel approved therapies targeting TRK chimeric proteins products of NTRK genes fusions consist in a promising approach to treat some patients with GISTs lacking any identified driver oncogenic mutation in KIT, PDGFRA or BRAF genes. Thus, an adequate testing strategy permitting to diagnose the rare NTRK-rearranged GISTs is required. In this work, we studied about the performances of pan-TRK...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - September 1, 2021 Category: Chemistry Tags: Technical Article Source Type: research