Heterogeneous associations between smoking and a wide range of initial presentations of cardiovascular disease in 1 937 360 people in England: lifetime risks and implications for risk prediction

Conclusions The heterogeneous associations of smoking with different CVD presentations suggests different underlying mechanisms and have important implications for research, clinical screening and risk prediction.

Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 22, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Pujades-Rodriguez, M., George, J., Shah, A. D., Rapsomaniki, E., Denaxas, S., West, R., Smeeth, L., Timmis, A., Hemingway, H. Tags: Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Source Type: research