Roles and Therapeutic Potential of Metallothioneinsin Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Roles and Therapeutic Potential of Metallothioneinsin Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2013 Apr 11; Authors: Hozumi I Abstract Metallothionein (MT) is a small molecular and multi-functional protein containing four atoms of copper (Cu) and three atoms of zinc (Zn) per molecule. It was isolated from the horse kidney in 1957 and half a century has passed since then. Although MT was found to work as a modulator of Zn and induce anti-oxidant reaction, the precise functions and its functional mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Over the years, a new isoform of MT, MT-III (also called growth inhibitory factor (GIF)), has been found in the brain, which was markedly diminished in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many new findings on MT have been discovered in neurodegenerative diseases other than AD such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), prion disease, brain trauma, brain ischemia, and psychiatric diseases. In ALS in particular, MTs were markedly diminished in the spinal cord of patients with ALS. Initially, MT, which easily binds to cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu),was considered to be toxic to our bodies. Molecular biological technologies enabled the production of recombinant MT saturated with zinc (Zn). MT has a high potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, AD, and PD owing to its various functions including anti-oxidant properties and modulators not only for Zn but fo...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Category: Biotechnology Authors: Tags: Curr Pharm Biotechnol Source Type: research