The role of dietary factors in inflammatory bowel diseases: new perspectives

The current review aimed to elucidate the role of diet in every stage of inflammatory bowel disease, from aspects of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. Western diet, characterized by overconsumption of refined sugar, saturated fat and low consumption of dietary fiber, may partly be blamed for its pathogenesis. Some immune ‐modulated nutrients (fibers, monounsaturated fatty acids, n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D) exert their potential beneficial effects on gut microbiota and immune function, resulting in clinical remission and/or preventing relapse. However, data is limited to conclude optimal micron utrient levels and therapeutic implications. Further, diet itself is complex; it is reasonable to evaluate diet as a whole rather than a single type of food. Some specific dietary patterns are generated for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases with controversial results. Only exclusive ente ral nutrition has been widely recommended for pediatric patients with non‐stricture active Crohn’s disease. Self‐monitor, avoidance of certain types of foods, limited access to alcohol and smoking, supplementation of minerals and vitamins if deficiency is confirmed, and adherence to the diet e nriched in vegetables and fruits and low in animal food and un‐digested fiber during flares are the most common dietary recommendation. Further clinical trials with a high evidence rank are warranted.
Source: Journal of Digestive Diseases - Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Tags: Invited review Source Type: research