Prognostic value of choline and betaine depends on intestinal microbiota-generated metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide

Conclusion
Elevated plasma levels of choline and betaine are each associated with incident MACE risk independent of traditional risk factors. However, high choline and betaine levels are only associated with higher risk of future MACE with concomitant increase in TMAO.

Source: European Heart Journal - April 7, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wang, Z., Tang, W. H. W., Buffa, J. A., Fu, X., Britt, E. B., Koeth, R. A., Levison, B. S., Fan, Y., Wu, Y., Hazen, S. L. Tags: BASIC SCIENCE Source Type: research