Plasma concentrations of trimethylamine-N-oxide, choline and betaine in patients with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease and their relation to cardiovascular and renal outcomes

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut bacteria mediated liver metabolite of dietary betaine, choline, and carnitine which is excreted by glomerular filtration. We studied whether TMAO is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Source: Journal of Renal Nutrition - April 13, 2024 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Rima Obeid, Husain Awwad, Gunnar Henrik Heine, Insa E. Emrich, Danilo Fliser, Adam M. Zawada, J ürgen Geisel Tags: Original Research Source Type: research