Intestinal heat shock proteins in metabolic syndrome: novel mediators of obesity and its comorbidities resolution after metabolic surgery

Cell Stress Chaperones. 2024 Feb 25:S1355-8145(24)00051-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.02.003. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOver the past 40 years, the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically, reaching epidemic proportions. Metabolic surgery has proven to be highly effective in treating obesity, leading to significant improvements or complete resolution of obesity-related comorbidities. Research conducted in both animals and humans suggests that the metabolic benefits achieved through metabolic surgery cannot be solely attributed to weight loss. Indeed, there has been an increasing recognition of intestinal inflammation as a novel factor influencing obesity. The gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to dietary components, particularly diets rich in saturated fats, which are known to contribute to obesity. It is now widely accepted that heat shock proteins (HSPs) can be released from various cells including intestinal epithelial cells and act as proinflammatory signals. Several studies have shown that circulating levels of Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) are increased in subjects with obesity and correlate with the severity of the disease. Moreover, mice with a partial knockout of GRP78 are protected from diet-induced obesity. In this review, we discuss the role of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in the development of obesity. Several evidence suggests that GRP78 can influence adipogenesis, lipid droplets stabilization, insulin resistance and liver stea...
Source: Cell Stress and Chaperones - Category: Cytology Authors: Source Type: research