Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced macrophages of individuals with autism spectrum disorder adversely affect neuronal dendrites through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines

ConclusionsOur co-culture system revealed the non-cell autonomous adverse effects of GM-CSF M Φ in individuals with ASD on neurons, mediated by interleukin-1α and TNF-α. These results may support the immune dysfunction hypothesis of ASD, providing new insights into its pathology.
Source: Molecular Autism - Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research