Neurobiological mechanisms of electroconvulsive therapy for depression: Insights into hippocampal volumetric increases from clinical and preclinical studies

Clinical MRI studies have consistently shown an increased volume of the hippocampus following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in severe, pharmacotherapy-resistant depression. However, the working mechanism of ECT for depression remains to be elucidated. This narrative review brings together evidence from animal models and human studies, discussing the clinical implications and the specific histological significance of the hippocampal volumetric increases. We also explore the importance of translation research that integrates human and animal models, as well as future directions needed to understand the biological mechanisms underlying ECT. AbstractDepression is a highly prevalent and disabling psychiatric disorder. The hippocampus, which plays a central role in mood regulation and memory, has received considerable attention in depression research. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for severe pharmacotherapy-resistant depression. Although the working mechanism of ECT remains unclear, recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have consistently reported increased hippocampal volumes following ECT. The clinical implications of these volumetric increases and the specific cellular and molecular significance are not yet fully understood. This narrative review brings together evidence from animal models and human studies to provide a detailed examination of hippocampal volumetric increases following ECT. In particular, our preclinical MRI research ...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research