Insights into the mechanisms of diabetic wounds: pathophysiology, molecular targets, and treatment strategies through conventional and alternative therapies

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a prevalent cause of mortality worldwide and can lead to several secondary issues, including DWs, which are caused by hyperglycemia, diabetic neuropathy, anemia, and ischemia. Roughly 15% of diabetic patient ’s experience complications related to DWs, with 25% at risk of lower limb amputations. A conventional management protocol is currently used for treating diabetic foot syndrome, which involves therapy using various substances, such as bFGF, pDGF, VEGF, EGF, IGF-I, TGF-β, skin substitutes, cytokin e stimulators, cytokine inhibitors, MMPs inhibitors, gene and stem cell therapies, ECM, and angiogenesis stimulators. The protocol also includes wound cleaning, laser therapy, antibiotics, skin substitutes, HOTC therapy, and removing dead tissue. It has been observed that treatment with numerous pla nts and their active constituents, includingGlobularia Arabica, Rhus coriaria L.,Neolamarckia cadamba, Olea europaea, Salvia kronenburgii, Moringa oleifera, Syzygium aromaticum, Combretum molle, andMyrtus communis, has been found to promote wound healing, reduce inflammation, stimulate angiogenesis, and cytokines production, increase growth factors production, promote keratinocyte production, and encourage fibroblast proliferation. These therapies may also reduce the need for amputations. However, there is still limited information on how to prevent and manage DWs, and further research is needed to fully understand the role of alternative treatments in ...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research