Snakes and Souks: Zoonotic pathogens associated to reptiles in the Marrakech markets, Morocco

by Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan, Viviane Noll Louzada-Flores, Nouha Lekouch, Intissar Khouchfi, Giada Annoscia, Andrea Zatelli, Fr édéric Beugnet, Julia Walochnik, Domenico Otranto The world-famous markets of Marrakech, also known in Arabic as souks, harbor a vast diversity of reptiles that are sold for medicinal/magic/pet purposes or used for snake charming. This unique epidemiological context has never been studied considering the interactions of humans, reptiles, and zoonotic pathogens. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the parasites and pathogens present in blood and feces associated with handled reptiles in the markets of Marrakech to assess the risk of zoonotic transmission within the reptile-human interface. Privately owned reptiles (n = 118), coming from vendors or snake charmers, were examined and blood and feces sampled. DNA was extracted and molecular screening (cPCR, nPCR, qPCR, dqPCR) was performed aiming to identify potentially zoonotic pathogens (i.e.,Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp.,Rickettsia spp.,Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato,Coxiella burnetii,Babesia/Theileria spp.,Cryptosporidium spp.,Giardia spp.,Leishmania spp., Cestoda). Overall, 28.9% (34/118) of reptiles were positive for at least one pathogen. In blood,Anaplasma spp. were detected in four snakes, with two Montpellier snakes positive forAnaplasma phagocytophilum, whileRickettsia spp. were detected in one Mediterranean chameleon and four puff adders.Leishmania tarentolae was molecularly detected...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Source Type: research