Coadministration of Tramadol and Tizanidine in an Experimental Acute Pain Model in Rat
Abstract
The use of drug combinations to achieve a desired effect is a common practice in pharmacological reaserch and in clinical practice. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential synergistic antinociceptive interactions between tizanidine, an α‐2‐adrenoceptor agonist and tramadol on formalin‐induced nociception in rat using isobolographic analyses. Tramadol (0.1–100 μg/paw) and tizanidine (0.01–10 μg/paw) were injected into the paw prior to formalin injection (1%). Both drugs produced a dose‐dependent antinociceptive effect. The EC50 values were estimated for individual drugs, a...
Source: Drug Development Research - September 1, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Karla Lizet Beltrán‐Villalobos, Pamela Monserrat Ramírez‐Marín, Carlos Alberto Zúñiga Cruz, Myrna Déciga‐Campos Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Chronic Daily Headache: Diagnosis and Management.
Abstract
Chronic daily headache is defined as the presence of a headache on 15 days or more per month for at least three months. The most common types of chronic daily headache are chronic migraines and chronic tension-type headaches. If a red flag for a secondary cause of headache is present, magnetic resonance imaging of the head should be performed. All patients should be asked about medication overuse, which can increase the frequency of headaches. Patients who overuse medications for abortive therapy for headache should be encouraged to stop the medications entirely and consider prophylactic treatment...
Source: American Family Physician - April 15, 2014 Category: Primary Care Authors: Yancey JR, Sheridan R, Koren KG Tags: Am Fam Physician Source Type: research
Alpha2-adrenergic agonists for the management of opioid withdrawal.
CONCLUSIONS: Clonidine and lofexidine are more effective than placebo for the management of withdrawal from heroin or methadone. No significant difference in efficacy was detected for treatment regimens based on clonidine or lofexidine, and those based on reducing doses of methadone over a period of around 10 days but methadone is associated with fewer adverse effects than clonidine, and lofexidine has a better safety profile than clonidine.
PMID: 24683051 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 31, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Gowing L, Farrell MF, Ali R, White JM Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Non-antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia.
CONCLUSIONS: There is low-quality evidence that the effect of tizanidine is not significantly different than that of carbamazepine in treating trigeminal neuralgia. Pimozide is more effective than carbamazepine, although the evidence is of low quality and the data did not allow comparison of adverse event rates. There is also low-quality evidence that 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops have no benefit over placebo. Limitations in the data for tocainide prevent any conclusions being drawn. There is insufficient evidence from randomised controlled trials to show significant benefit from non-antiepileptic drugs in trig...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 3, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Zhang J, Yang M, Zhou M, He L, Chen N, Zakrzewska JM Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Effect of Antispastic Drugs on Motor Reflexes and Voluntary Muscle Contraction in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Conclusions: These results suggest that antispastic drugs are effective in reducing stretch reflexes without substantially reducing volitional torque. Differential effects of tizanidine and baclofen on reflexes of flexors and extensors warrant further investigation into patient-specific management of antispastic drugs. (Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation)
Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation - November 25, 2013 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Virginia Way Tong Chu, Thomas George Hornby, Brian David Schmit Tags: Featured Articles Source Type: research
The effect of antispastic drugs on motor reflexes and voluntary muscle contraction in incomplete spinal cord injury.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that antispastic agents are effective in reducing stretch reflexes without substantially reducing volitional torque. Differential effects of tizanidine and baclofen on reflexes of flexors and extensors warrant further investigation into patient-specific management of antispastic medications.
PMID: 24269485 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Physica Medica)
Source: Physica Medica - November 21, 2013 Category: Physics Authors: Tong Chu VW, Hornby TG, Schmit BD Tags: Arch Phys Med Rehabil Source Type: research
Amitriptyline versus tizanidine in the management of tension‐type headache in Nepal
(Source: Emergency Medicine Australasia)
Source: Emergency Medicine Australasia - November 13, 2013 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Ajay Singh Thapa Tags: Case Letter Source Type: research
Use of Intrathecal Baclofen for Treatment of Severe Spasticity in Selected Patients With Motor Neuron Disease
Conclusions. Our findings suggest that ITB can effectively reduce spasticity and related symptoms without compromising function in selected patients with U-MND. (Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair)
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - October 7, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Bethoux, F., Boulis, N., McClelland, S., Willis, M. A., Hussain, M., Machado, A., Mychkovsky, L., Stough, D., Sutliff, M., Pioro, E. P. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research
Unintentional Pediatric Exposures to Central Alpha-2 Agonists Reported to the National Poison Data System
Conclusions: The number of unintentional pediatric exposures to alpha-2 agonists increased from 2000-2011. Clonidine exposures were the most commonly reported, more symptomatic, and associated with 3 deaths. Despite central nervous system depression, bradycardia, and hypotension being common, the need for intubation and vasopressors was rare. (Source: The Journal of Pediatrics)
Source: The Journal of Pediatrics - October 3, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: George Sam Wang, Marie-Claire Le Lait, Kennon Heard Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Adherence Associated With Oral Medications in the Treatment of Spasticity
Objective: To examine adherence to baclofen, tizanidine, and dantrolene (U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved oral spasticity medications), and identified determinants of adherence.Design: A retrospective administrative claims data analysis that used medical and pharmacy claims data and enrollment information from a large, national U.S. health plan.Subjects and Methods: The subjects were commercial health plan members who initiated treatment on baclofen, tizanidine, or dantrolene from January 1, 2004, through September 30, 2009, and who had stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, or mult...
Source: PM and R - May 6, 2013 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Rachel Halpern, Patrick Gillard, Glenn D. Graham, Sepideh F. Varon, Richard D. Zorowitz Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Use of common migraine treatments in breast-feeding women: a summary of recommendations.
CONCLUSIONS: Several excellent resources are available for clinicians making treatment decisions in breast-feeding women. Clinicians treating migraine should discuss both acute and preventive treatment options shortly before and within a few months after delivery, keeping in mind the clinical features of the individual patient, and in consultation with their obstetrician and pediatrician. An awareness of the pharmacological data that are currently available and how to access that data may be helpful in making treatment decisions in this population.
PMID: 23465038 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Headache)
Source: Headache - April 1, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Hutchinson S, Marmura MJ, Calhoun A, Lucas S, Silberstein S, Peterlin BL Tags: Headache Source Type: research
Use of Common Migraine Treatments in Breast‐Feeding Women: A Summary of Recommendations
ConclusionsSeveral excellent resources are available for clinicians making treatment decisions in breast‐feeding women. Clinicians treating migraine should discuss both acute and preventive treatment options shortly before and within a few months after delivery, keeping in mind the clinical features of the individual patient, and in consultation with their obstetrician and pediatrician. An awareness of the pharmacological data that are currently available and how to access that data may be helpful in making treatment decisions in this population. (Source: Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain)
Source: Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain - March 6, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Susan Hutchinson, Michael J. Marmura, Anne Calhoun, Sylvia Lucas, Stephen Silberstein, B. Lee Peterlin Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
The Pharmacokinetic Profile of the Combination of Naproxen and Tizanidine in Rat
This study examines the pharmacokinetics of naproxen when it is combined with tizanidine. Combining these two drugs is an attractive modality for inflammation complaints. Oral coadministration of naproxen/tizanidine produced a synergistic anti‐inflammatory effect in rats. The swelling of the rat paw was measured by a plethysmometer using carrageenan as an inflammatory agent. In this study, rats received oral doses of naproxen (1, 3, and 4.2 mg/kg), and these doses were combined with a fixed dose of tizanidine (0.01 mg/kg). To evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction between naproxen/tizanidine, blood samples were obt...
Source: Drug Development Research - February 27, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Selene Isabel Patiño‐Camacho, María Guadalupe Lozoya Moreno, Francisco Javier Flores‐Murrieta, Myrna Déciga‐Campos Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Clinical Survey of Tizanidine-induced Adverse Effects-Impact of Concomitant Drugs Providing Cytochrome P450 1A2 Modification-.
Abstract
The drug-drug interactions of tizanidine and cytochrome (CYP) P450 1A2 inhibitors, which potentially alter the hepatic metabolism of tizanidine, were investigated by retrospective survey of medical records with regard to prescription. One thousand five hundred sixty-three patients treated with tizanidine at University of Tsukuba Hospital were investigated. Of those, 713 patients (45.6%) were treated with coadministration of tizanidine and CYP1A2 inhibitors (37 drugs). The patients who received a combination of tizanidine and CYP1A2 inhibitors were characterized as elderly, having multiple diseases...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - February 10, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Momo K, Homma M, Matsumoto S, Sasaki T, Kohda Y Tags: Yakugaku Zasshi Source Type: research
A Rational Approach to the Management of Chronic Migraine
About 2% of the adult population has chronic migraine with only 20% diagnosed with this disorder. Those with medication overuse may improve with withdrawal of overuse medications. The intravenous dihydroergotamine regimen usually produces short‐term benefit for those with medically refractory chronic migraine. OnabotulinumtoxinA and topiramate have shown efficacy in large placebo‐controlled randomized trials. Sodium valproate, gabapentin, tizanidine, amitriptyline, fluoxetine, zonisamide, and possibly memantine may be alternative or possibly combined treatment options but with lesser levels of evidence supporting their...
Source: Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain - January 8, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Randolph W. Evans Tags: Expert Opinion Source Type: research
