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Total 1739 results found since Jan 2013.

Combined therapy with COX-2 inhibitor and 20-HETE inhibitor reduces colon tumor growth and the adverse effects of ischemic stroke associated with COX-2 inhibition
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), Cyp4a-derived eicosanoid, is a lipid mediator that promotes tumor growth, as well as causing detrimental effects in cerebral circulation. We determined whether concurrent inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 20-HETE affects colon tumor growth and ischemic stroke outcomes. The expression of Cyp4a and COXs and production of 20-HETE and PGE2 were determined in murine colon carcinoma (MC38) cells. We then examined the effects of combined treatment with rofecoxib, a potent COX-2 inhibitor, and HET0016, a potent Cyp4a inhibitor, on the growth and proliferation of MC38 cells. Subse...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 15, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Zhang, Y., Hoda, M. N., Zheng, X., Li, W., Luo, P., Maddipati, K. R., Seki, T., Ergul, A., Wang, M.-H. Tags: Neural Control Source Type: research

Microglia and ischemic stroke: a double-edged sword.
Authors: Patel AR, Ritzel R, McCullough LD, Liu F Abstract Inflammatory processes have a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of stroke. A key initial event is the rapid activation of resident immune cells, primarily microglia. This cell population is an important target for new therapeutic approaches to limit stroke damage. Activation of microglia is normally held in check by strictly controlled mechanisms involving neuronal-glial communication. Ischemic stroke is a powerful stimulus that disables the endogenous inhibitory signaling and triggers microglial activation. Once activated, microglia exhibit a spectru...
Source: International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology - November 16, 2014 Category: Physiology Tags: Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses in humans with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: implications for cryptogenic stroke?
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Experimental Physiology - June 23, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: H. Cameron Norris, Tyler S. Mangum, Julia P. Kern, Jonathan E. Elliott, Kara M. Beasley, Randy D. Goodman, Suzana Mladinov, Otto F Barak, Darija Bakovic, Zeljko Dujic, Andrew T. Lovering Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Large animal models of stroke and traumatic brain injury as translational tools.
Abstract Acute central nervous system injury, encompassing traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, accounts for a significant burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Studies in animal models have greatly enhanced our understanding of the complex pathophysiology that underlies TBI and stroke and enabled the pre-clinical screening of over 1000 novel therapeutic agents. Despite this, the translation of novel therapeutics from experimental models to clinical therapies has been extremely poor. One potential explanation for this poor clinical translation is the choice of experimental model, given that the majority...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - March 14, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: Sorby-Adams AJ, Vink R, Turner RJ Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

A single exercise bout and locomotor learning after stroke: physiological, behavioral, and computational outcomes.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 29569729 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Physiology - March 23, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: Charalambous CC, Alcantara CC, French MA, Li X, Matt KS, Kim HE, Morton SM, Reisman DS Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

Neurovascular protection in voltage ‐gated proton channel Hv1 knock‐out rats after ischemic stroke: interaction with Na+/H+ exchanger‐1 antagonism
The goal of the current study was to determine whether neurovascular injury and functional outcomes after experimental stroke differed in wild ‐type and Hv1 mutant Dahl salt‐sensitive rats treated with an NHE‐1 inhibitor. Our data indicate that Hv1 deletion confers both neuronal and vascular protection after ischemia in rats. These data are important as they build on previous reports in mice identifying Hv1 as a potential novel targe t for the treatment of stroke. AbstractExperimental studies have demonstrated protective effects of NHE ‐1 inhibition on cardiac function; however, clinical trials utilizing NHE‐1 an...
Source: Physiological Reports - June 26, 2019 Category: Physiology Authors: Weiguo Li, Rebecca Ward, Guangkuo Dong, Adviye Ergul, Paul O'Connor Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Locomotor muscle group III/IV afferents constrain stroke volume and contribute to exercise intolerance in human heart failure.
Conclusion These findings indicate that locomotor muscle group III/IV afferent feedback in patients with HFrEF leads to increased systemic vascular resistance, which constrains stroke volume, cardiac output, and O2 delivery thereby impairing V̇O2 peak and thus exercise capacity. These findings have important clinical implications as V̇O2 peak is highly predictive of morbidity and mortality in HF. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 32886795 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Physiology - September 3, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Smith JR, Joyner MJ, Curry TB, Borlaug BA, Keller-Ross ML, Van Iterson EH, Olson TP Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

Changes in Muscle Stress and Sarcomere Adaptation in Mice Following Ischemic Stroke
While abnormal muscle tone has been observed in people with stroke, how these changes in muscle tension affect sarcomere morphology remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine time-course changes in passive muscle fiber tension and sarcomeric adaptation to these changes post-ischemic stroke in a mouse model by using a novel in-vivo force microscope. Twenty-one mice were evenly divided into three groups based on the time point of testing: 3 days (D3), 10 days (D10), and 20 days (D20) following right middle cerebral artery ligation. At each testing time, the muscle length, width, and estimated volume of the iso...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - December 17, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Presence of Left Atrial Fibrosis May Contribute to Aberrant Hemodynamics and Increased Risk of Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients
Atrial fibrillation (AF) patients are at high risk of stroke, with the left atrial appendage (LAA) found to be the most common site of clot formation. Presence of left atrial (LA) fibrosis has also been associated with higher stroke risk. However, the mechanisms for increased stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrotic remodeling are poorly understood. We sought to explore these mechanisms using fluid dynamic analysis and to test the hypothesis that the presence of LA fibrosis leads to aberrant hemodynamics in the LA, contributing to increased stroke risk in AF patients. We retrospectively collected late-gadolinium-enhanc...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - June 7, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Altered Jagged1-Notch1 Signaling in Enhanced Dysfunctional Neovascularization and Delayed Angiogenesis After Ischemic Stroke in HFD/STZ Induced Type 2 Diabetes Rats
This study was aimed to characterize structural alterations and potential mechanisms in brain microvessels before and after ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetic rats treated with high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD/STZ). Furtherly, we tested our hypothesis that dysregulated intercellular Jagged1-Notch1 signaling was involved in the dysfunctional cerebral neovascularization both before and after ischemic stroke in HFD/STZ rats. In our study, we found increased yet dysfunctional neovascularization with activated Jagged1-Notch1 signaling in the cerebrovasculature before cerebral ischemia in HFD/STZ rats compared with non-diab...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - July 8, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Acute Heart Failure After Reperfused Ischemic Stroke: Association With Systemic and Cardiac Inflammatory Responses
Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) present an increased incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and release of Troponin T coinciding with cardiac dysfunction. The nature of the cardiocirculatory alterations remains obscure as models to investigate systemic interferences of the brain-heart-axis following AIS are sparse. Thus, this study aims to investigate acute cardiocirculatory dysfunction and myocardial injury in mice after reperfused AIS. Ischemic stroke was induced in mice by transient right-sided middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Cardiac effects were investigated by electrocardiograms, 3D-e...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - December 21, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Zfp580 Regulates Paracrine and Endocrine Igf1 and Igfbp3 Differently in the Brain and Blood After a Murine Stroke
In conclusion, Zfp580 differentially controls paracrine and endocrine Igf1 and Igfbp3 after stroke. Inhibition of Zfp580 might be a new treatment target leading to increased activity of Igf1 to improve stroke outcome.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 26, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Proposal of a Wearable Multimodal Sensing-Based Serious Games Approach for Hand Movement Training After Stroke
Stroke often leads to hand motor dysfunction, and effective rehabilitation requires keeping patients engaged and motivated. Among the existing automated rehabilitation approaches, data glove-based systems are not easy to wear for patients due to spasticity, and single sensor-based approaches generally provided prohibitively limited information. We thus propose a wearable multimodal serious games approach for hand movement training after stroke. A force myography (FMG), electromyography (EMG), and inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based multi-sensor fusion model was proposed for hand movement classification, which was worn on...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - June 3, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Advanced Interatrial Block Predicts Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Stroke in Elderly Patients With Hypertension
Conclusion: Both partial and advanced IAB are associated with AF recurrence in elderly patients with hypertension. Furthermore, advanced IAB is an independent predictor of ischemic stroke.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - June 16, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research