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Controlling hypothalamic DNA methylation at the Pomc promoter does not regulate weight gain during the development of obesity
by Taylor McFadden, Natasha Gaito, Isabella Carucci, Everett Fletchall, Kayla Farrell, Timothy J. Jarome Obesity is a complex medical condition that is linked to various health complications such as infertility, stroke, and osteoarthritis. Understanding the neurobiology of obesity is crucial for responding to the etiology of this disease. The hypothalamus coordinates many integral activities such as hormone regulation and feed intake and numerous studies have observed altered hypothalamic gene regulation in obesity models. Previously, it was reported that the promoter region of the satiety gene,Pomc, has increased DNA met...
Source: PLoS One - April 10, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Taylor McFadden Source Type: research

A high sucrose diet modifies brain oxylipins in a sex-dependent manner
Oxylipins are oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), produced through the action of cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), cytochrome p450 (CYP), and non-enzymatic oxidation pathways [1]. Oxylipins can be esterified or free, with free oxylipins presumed to be the biologically active form [1]. Although the study of oxylipins and their functions is relatively new, there is evidence of their involvement in thrombosis, inflammation, the development of diabetes, the progression of cardiovascular diseases, and stroke [2 –7].
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - October 7, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jennifer E. Norman, Saivageethi Nuthikattu, Dragan Milenkovic, John C. Rutledge, Amparo C. Villablanca Tags: Original research article Source Type: research

Cardiovascular consequences of maternal obesity throughout the lifespan in first generation sheep
by Christopher L. Pankey, Qiurong Wang, Jessica King, Stephen P. Ford Obesity continues to be a significant global health issue and contributes to a variety of comorbidities and disease states. Importantly, obesity contributes to adverse cardiovascular health outcomes, which is the leading cause of death worldwide. Further, maternal obesity during gestation has been shown to predispose offspring to adverse phenotypic outcomes, specifically cardiovascular outcomes. Therefore, we hypothesized that diet-induced obesity during gestation would result in adverse cardiovascular phenotypes in first-generation offspring that would...
Source: PLoS One - September 2, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Christopher L. Pankey Source Type: research

Estimation of mean population salt intakes using spot urine samples and associations with body mass index, hypertension, raised blood sugar and hypercholesterolemia: Findings from STEPS Survey 2019, Nepal
by Saroj Bhattarai, Bihungum Bista, Binod Kumar Yadav, Pradip Gynawali, Anil Poudyal, Anjani Kumar Jha, Meghnath Dhimal BackgroundHigh dietary salt intake is recognized as a risk factor for several non-communicable diseases (NCDs), in particular cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including heart attack and stroke. Accurate measurement of population level salt intake is essential for setting targeted goals and plans for salt reduction strategies. We used a spot urine sample to estimate the mean population salt intake in Nepal and evaluated the association of salt intake with excess weight, hypertension, raised blood sugar and ...
Source: PLoS One - April 12, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Saroj Bhattarai Source Type: research

Relationship between tongue pressure and dysphagia diet in patients with acute stroke
by Masahiro Nakamori, Kenichi Ishikawa, Eiji Imamura, Haruna Yamamoto, Keiko Kimura, Tomoko Ayukawa, Tatsuya Mizoue, Shinichi Wakabayashi A dysphagia diet is important for patients with stroke to help manage their nutritional state and prevent aspiration pneumonia. Tongue pressure measurement is a simple, non-invasive, and objective method for diagnosing dysphagia. We hypothesized that tongue pressure may be useful in making a choic e of diet for patients with acute stroke. Using balloon-type equipment, tongue pressure was measured in 80 patients with acute stroke. On admission, a multidisciplinary swallowing team includi...
Source: PLoS One - June 4, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Masahiro Nakamori Source Type: research

Inactive bowel movement and stroke are associated with increased risks of mild cognitive impairment among community-living Singapore elderly.
Abstract Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as a preclinical phase of dementia, provides an invaluable time window for intervention. Besides several proposed modifiable risk factors, the associations of MCI with dietary habits and bowel movement are not well clarified. We thus conducted a cross-sectional study of community-living Singapore elderly and focused on the relationship of clinically diagnosed MCI with dietary habits and bowel movement frequencies. The multiple logistic regression results showed that frequent (≥4 days per week) fruit consumption (P = 0.004), active (≥4 days per week) bowel movement with...
Source: Aging - September 8, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Huang KY, Tang XY, Yang L, Zhang ZY, Ye KX, Shen QF, Wang X, Zhu XH, Huang XW, Lu GD, Feng L Tags: Aging (Albany NY) Source Type: research

Microarray and proteome array in an atherosclerosis mouse model for identification of biomarkers in whole blood.
In this study, we screened potential biomarker genes and proteins from whole blood of apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/- ) mice maintained on a Western diet, by comparing them to ApoE+/+ mice. We used whole blood for microarray and proteome array. Candidate genes and proteins identified from each method were confirmed with quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. Based on our data, we speculate that Lilrb4a, n-R5s136, and IL-5 are potential targets that can be developed into novel biomarkers of atherosclerosis. Our study contributes to the diagnosis of atherosclerosis using whole blood in clinical settings. PMID: 31337962...
Source: International Journal of Medical Sciences - July 26, 2019 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Int J Med Sci Source Type: research

Obesity-induced type 2 diabetes impairs neurological recovery after stroke in correlation with decreased neurogenesis and persistent atrophy of parvalbumin-positive interneurons
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) hampers stroke recovery though largely undetermined mechanisms. Few preclinical studies have investigated the effect of genetic/toxin-induced diabetes on long-term stroke recovery. However, the effects of obesity-induced T2D are mostly unknown. We aimed to investigate whether obesity-induced T2D worsens long-term stroke recovery through the impairment of brain's self-repair mechanisms - stroke-induced neurogenesis and parvalbumin (PV)+ interneurons-mediated neuroplasticity. To mimic obesity-induced T2D in the middle-age, C57bl/6j mice were fed 12 months with high-fat diet and subjected to transient mi...
Source: Clinical Science - June 23, 2019 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Pintana, H., Lietzau, G., Augestad, I. L., Chiazza, F., Nystrom, T., Patrone, C., Darsalia, V. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research

Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with cardiovascular disease and subclinical atherosclerosis.
Authors: Sao R, Aronow WS Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to fatty infiltration of liver in the absence of significant alcohol intake, use of steatogenic medication, or hereditary disorders. It is a common cause of chronic liver disease with a worldwide estimated prevalence ranging from 6.3% to 33%. The NAFLD is considered a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress are central to pathogenesis of NAFLD, and risk factors include metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, lack of physical activity, smoking, and high fat diet. NAFL...
Source: Archives of Medical Science - November 6, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Arch Med Sci Source Type: research

Stearidonic Acid Combined with Alpha-Linolenic Acid Improves Lipemic and Neurological Markers in a Rat Model Subject to a Hypercaloric Diet
In the recent decades, the importance of dietary fat in the human diet as a decisive factor for health has been established [1]. In particular, n-3 very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs,>C18), especially eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6 n-3) acids, have been ascribed a wide array of beneficial health effects [1]. Various epidemiological studies point out the importance of n-3 VLCPUFA in the prevention of cardiovascular mortality due to myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, sudden death or stroke [2,3].
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids - July 18, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Carlos Cardoso, Joana Paiva Martinho, Paula A. Lopes, Susana Martins, Jorge Correia, Cl áudia Afonso, Francisco J. Alarcón, María J. González-Fernández, Rui M. Pinto, José A. Prates, Narcisa M. Bandarra, José L. Guil-Guerrero Source Type: research

Effects of dietary salt on gene and protein expression in brain tissue of a model of sporadic small vessel disease.
Conclusion: Salt exposure induced changes in gene and protein expression in an experimental model of SVD and its parent rat strain in multiple pathways involving components of the glio-vascular unit. Further studies in pertinent experimental models at different ages would help clarify the short and long-term effect of dietary salt in SVD.
Source: Clinical Science - April 9, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Bailey, E. L., McBride, M. W., McClure, J. D., Beattie, W., Graham, D., Dominiczak, A. F., Smith, C., Wardlaw, J. M. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research

Natural approaches in metabolic syndrome management.
Authors: Patti AM, Al-Rasadi K, Giglio RV, Nikolic D, Mannina C, Castellino G, Chianetta R, Banach M, Cicero AFG, Lippi G, Montalto G, Rizzo M, Toth PP Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized as a group of cardiometabolic risk factors that raise the risk for heart disease and other health problems, such as diabetes mellitus and stroke. Treatment strategies include pharmacologic interventions and supplementary (or "alternative") treatments. Nutraceuticals are derived from food sources (isolated nutrients, dietary supplements and herbal products) that are purported to provide health benefits, in addition ...
Source: Archives of Medical Science - March 30, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Arch Med Sci Source Type: research