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Total 24 results found since Jan 2013.

Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells decreases oxidative stress, apoptosis and hippocampal damage in brain of a spontaneously stroke model.
Abstract Stroke is the most common cause of motor disabilities and is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Adult stem cells have been shown to be effective against neuronal degeneration through mechanisms that include both the recovery of neurotransmitter activity and a decrease in apoptosis and oxidative stress. We chose the lineage Stroke Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHRSP) as a model for stem cells therapy. SHRSP can develop such severe hypertension that they generally suffer a stroke at approximately one year of age. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) decreas...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - February 10, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Longoni Calió M, Sousa Marinho D, Mi Ko G, Rodrigues R, Ferraz Carbonel A, Missae Oyama L, Ormanji M, Pinoti Guirao T, Luiz Calió P, Aparecida Reis L, de Jesus Simões M, Lisboa do Nascimento T, Teixeira Ferreira A, Rejane Antônio Bertoncini C Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Dual-modality imaging of endothelial progenitor cells transplanted after ischaemic photothrombotic stroke
Publication date: Available online 2 November 2019Source: Life SciencesAuthor(s): Jie Ding, Yi Zhang, Cong-Xiao Wang, Pei-Cheng Li, Zhen Zhao, Chao Wang, Gao-Jun TengAbstractAimsStroke is a refractory cerebral blood circulation disorder. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) participate in the repair and regeneration of vascular injury through the combination of cell replacement and bystander effects. Here, we evaluated the biological function of EPCs in treating a mouse model of cerebral ischaemic stroke, using dual-mode bioluminescence and magnetic resonance imaging to trace EPCs in vivo.Main methodsWe constructed a viral ...
Source: Life Sciences - November 4, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Iron promotes neurological function recovery in mice with ischemic stroke through endogenous repair mechanisms
In this study, we first observed that changes in iron metabolism occured during neurological function recovery in the mice with distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO). Our data showed that plasticity changes due to endogenous repair mechanisms resulted in improvements in cerebral cortex function. These changes involved gliosis, synaptic function reconstruction, remyelination, and activation of neural stem cells. In order to examine the potential role of iron, we synthesized liposomal-encapsulated deferoxamine (DFO) nanoparticles to further explore the effect and the mechanism of iron on the recovery of neurologica...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - February 24, 2022 Category: Biology Authors: Xin Guo Xiaofang Jin Kang Han Shaomeng Kang Siyu Tian Xin Lv Mudi Feng Huiwen Zheng Yong Zuo Guodong Xu Ming Hu Jing Xu Peiyuan Lv Yan-Zhong Chang Source Type: research

Autologous stem cell therapy improves motor function in chronic stroke victims
(Cell Transplantation Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair) One group of chronic stroke victims had their peripheral blood stem cells injected directly into the brain while another group did not. Those in the peripheral blood stem cell-injected group also received G-CSF, known to be potentially neuroprotective. Those receiving the peripheral blood stem cells experienced some improvement in stroke scales and functional outcome. The study provided first evidence that intracerebral injection of autologous peripheral blood stem cells can improve motor function in those who have suffered prior strokes and have motor deficits.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - April 23, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: news

New therapy promotes vascular repair following stroke
(University of Zurich) Following a stroke, antibodies that inhibit the signaling molecule Nogo-A can help repair blood vessels in the affected brain regions. This also promotes the regaining of motor functions, researchers at the University of Zurich have shown in a mouse model. The study opens up new avenues for treatment.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - June 24, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Poststroke dendritic arbor regrowth requires the actin nucleator Cobl
by Yuanyuan Ji, Dennis Koch, Jule Gonz ález Delgado, Madlen Günther, Otto W. Witte, Michael M. Kessels, Christiane Frahm, Britta Qualmann Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and long-term disability. We demonstrate that middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice leads to a strong decline in dendritic arborization of penumbral neurons. These defects were subsequently repaired by an ipsilateral recovery process requiring th e actin nucleator Cobl. Ischemic stroke and excitotoxicity, caused by calpain-mediated proteolysis, significantly reduced Cobl levels. In an apparently unique manner among excitotoxicity-aff...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - December 13, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Yuanyuan Ji Source Type: research

Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
The world of stem cells We know the human body comprises many cell types (e.g., blood cells, skin cells, cervical cells), but we often forget to appreciate that all of these different cell types arose from a single cell—the fertilized egg. A host of sequential, awe-inspiring events occur between the fertilization of an egg and the formation of a new individual: Embryonic stem (ES) cells are also called totipotent cells. The first steps involve making more cells by simple cell division: one cell becomes two cells; two cells become four cells, etc. Each cell of early development is undifferentiated; that is, it is...
Source: ActionBioscience - December 28, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Ali Hochberg Source Type: news

The interleukin-4/PPAR γ signaling axis promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination after brain injury
by Qingxiu Zhang, Wen Zhu, Fei Xu, Xuejiao Dai, Ligen Shi, Wei Cai, Hongfeng Mu, T. Kevin Hitchens, Lesley M. Foley, Xiangrong Liu, Fang Yu, Jie Chen, Yejie Shi, Rehana K. Leak, Yanqin Gao, Jun Chen, Xiaoming Hu The repair of white matter damage is of paramount importance for functional recovery after brain injuries. Here, we report that interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes oligodendrocyte regeneration and remyelination. IL-4 receptor expression was detected in a variety of glial cells after ischemic brain injur y, including oligodendrocyte lineage cells. IL-4 deficiency in knockout mice resulted in greater deterioration of whit...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - June 20, 2019 Category: Biology Authors: Qingxiu Zhang Source Type: research

A Simple Rule for Dendritic Spine and Axonal Bouton Formation Can Account for Cortical Reorganization after Focal Retinal Lesions
by Markus Butz, Arjen van Ooyen Lasting alterations in sensory input trigger massive structural and functional adaptations in cortical networks. The principles governing these experience-dependent changes are, however, poorly understood. Here, we examine whether a simple rule based on the neurons' need for homeostasis in electrical activity may serve as driving force for cortical reorganization. According to this rule, a neuron creates new spines and boutons when its level of electrical activity is below a homeostatic set-point and decreases the number of spines and boutons when its activity exceeds this set-point. In add...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - October 10, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Markus Butz et al. Source Type: research

Aging and regeneration in vertebrates.
Abstract Aging is marked by changes that affect organs and resident stem cell function. Shorting of telomeres, DNA damage, oxidative stress, deregulation of genes and proteins, impaired cell-cell communication, and an altered systemic environment cause the eventual demise of cells. At the same time, reparative activities also decline. It is intriguing to correlate aging with the decline of regenerative abilities. Animal models with strong regenerative capabilities imply that aging processes might not be affecting regeneration. In this review, we selectively present age-dependent changes in stem/progenitor cells th...
Source: Current Topics in Developmental Biology - February 15, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Sousounis K, Baddour JA, Tsonis PA Tags: Curr Top Dev Biol Source Type: research

Study finds long-term survival of human neural stem cells transplanted into primate brain
(Cell Transplantation Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair) Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) labeled with magnetic nanoparticles were followed by MRI after transplantation into the brains of primates. The study evaluated the long-term survival and differentiation of hNSCs. The hNSCs differentiated into neurons at 24 months and did not cause tumors. Researchers concluded that hNSCs could be of great value as a source for cell replacement and gene transfer for treating Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, ALS, spinal cord injury and stroke.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - April 23, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Orphan nuclear receptor TR3/Nur77 improves wound healing by upregulating the expression of integrin {beta}4 Research Communication
In conclusion, expression of TR3/Nur77 improves wound healing by targeting integrin β4. TR3/Nur77 is a potential candidate for proangiogenic therapy. The results further suggest that TR3/Nur77 is required for pathologic angiogenesis but not for developmental/physiologic angiogenesis and that Nur77 and its family members play a redundant role in normal skin wound healing.—Niu, G., Ye, T., Qin, L., Bourbon, P. M., Chang, C., Zhao, S., Li, Y., Zhou, L., Cui, P., Rabinovitz, I., Mercurio, A. M., Zhao, D., Zeng, H. Orphan nuclear receptor TR3/Nur77 improves wound healing by upregulating the expression of integrin β4.
Source: FASEB Journal - January 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Niu, G., Ye, T., Qin, L., Bourbon, P. M., Chang, C., Zhao, S., Li, Y., Zhou, L., Cui, P., Rabinovitz, I., Mercurio, A. M., Zhao, D., Zeng, H. Tags: Research Communication Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Lon Protease in Human Disease and Aging: Including an etiologic classification of Lon-related diseases and disorders.
Abstract The Mitochondrial Lon protease, also called LonP1 is a product of the nuclear gene LONP1. Lon is a major regulator of mitochondrial metabolism and response to free radical damage, as well as an essential factor for the maintenance and repair of mitochondrial DNA. Lon is an ATP-stimulated protease that cycles between being bound (at the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane) to the mitochondrial genome, and being released into the mitochondrial matrix where it can degrade matrix proteins. At least three different roles or functions have been ascribed to Lon: 1) Proteolytic digestion of oxidized...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - July 3, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Bota DA, Davies KJ Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research