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Total 656 results found since Jan 2013.
Genetic testing for antiplatelet therapy post-PCI misses cut in cardiovascular events
(American College of Cardiology) An international clinical trial that used genetic testing to guide which antiplatelet medication was given to patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) did not meet its stated goal for cutting in half the incidence of serious adverse cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke, in the year following the procedure, according to study results presented at the American College of Cardiology's Annual Scientific Session Together with World Congress of Cardiology (ACC.20/WCC).
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - March 30, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: news
Restoration of L-OPA1 alleviates acute ischemic stroke injury in rats via inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and preserving mitochondrial function
Publication date: Available online 13 March 2020Source: Redox BiologyAuthor(s): Yongxing Lai, Peiqiang Lin, Manli Chen, Yixian Zhang, Jianhao Chen, Mouwei Zheng, Ji Liu, Houwei Du, Ronghua Chen, Xiaodong Pan, Nan Liu, Hongbin Chen
Source: Redox Biology - March 14, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Cardiovascular responses to progressive hypoxia in ducks native to high altitude in the Andes RESEARCH ARTICLE
Sabine L. Laguë, Catherine M. Ivy, Julia M. York, Beverly A. Chua, Luis Alza, Rebecca Cheek, Neal J. Dawson, Peter B. Frappell, Anthony P. Farrell, Kevin G. McCracken, Graham R. Scott, and William K. Milsom
The cardiovascular system is critical for delivering O2 to tissues. Here, we examined the cardiovascular responses to progressive hypoxia in four high-altitude Andean duck species compared with four related low-altitude populations in North America, tested at their native altitude. Ducks were exposed to stepwise decreases in inspired partial pressure of O2 while we monitored heart rate, O2 consumption rate, blo...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 10, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Laguë, S. L., Ivy, C. M., York, J. M., Chua, B. A., Alza, L., Cheek, R., Dawson, N. J., Frappell, P. B., Farrell, A. P., McCracken, K. G., Scott, G. R., Milsom, W. K. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Stroke effort and relative lung volume influence heart rate in diving sea lions RESEARCH ARTICLE
This study assessed the potential role of exercise and relative lung volume in the regulation of heart rate (fH) during dives of adult female California sea lions instrumented with electrocardiogram (ECG), depth and tri-axial acceleration data loggers. A positive relationship between activity (minimum specific acceleration) and fH throughout dives suggested increased muscle perfusion associated with exercise. However, apart from late ascent, fH during dives was still less than or equal to resting fH (on land). In addition, the activity–fH relationship was weaker in long, deep dives consistent with prioritization of b...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 10, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: McDonald, B. I., Tift, M. S., Hückstädt, L. A., Jeffko, M., Ponganis, P. J. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The mechanics of air breathing in gray tree frog tadpoles, Hyla versicolor (Anura: Hylidae) RESEARCH ARTICLE
We describe air-breathing mechanics in gray tree frog tadpoles (Hyla versicolor). We found that H. versicolor tadpoles breathe by ‘bubble-sucking’, a breathing mode typically employed by tadpoles too small to break the water's surface tension, in which a bubble is drawn into the buccal cavity and compressed into the lungs. In most tadpoles, bubble-sucking is replaced by breach breathing (breaking the surface to access air) at larger body sizes. In contrast, H. versicolor tadpoles bubble-suck throughout the larval period, despite reaching body sizes at which breaching is possible. Hyla versicolor tadpoles exhibi...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 4, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Phillips, J. R., Hewes, A. E., Schwenk, K. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Surprising simplicities and syntheses in limbless self-propulsion in sand REVIEW
Henry C. Astley, Joseph R. Mendelson III, Jin Dai, Chaohui Gong, Baxi Chong, Jennifer M. Rieser, Perrin E. Schiebel, Sarah S. Sharpe, Ross L. Hatton, Howie Choset, and Daniel I. Goldman
Animals moving on and in fluids and solids move their bodies in diverse ways to generate propulsion and lift forces. In fluids, animals can wiggle, stroke, paddle or slap, whereas on hard frictional terrain, animals largely engage their appendages with the substrate to avoid slip. Granular substrates, such as desert sand, can display complex responses to animal interactions. This complexity has led to locomotor strategies that make use of ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 27, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Astley, H. C., Mendelson, J. R., Dai, J., Gong, C., Chong, B., Rieser, J. M., Schiebel, P. E., Sharpe, S. S., Hatton, R. L., Choset, H., Goldman, D. I. Tags: Comparative biomechanics of movement REVIEW Source Type: research
< i > In silico < /i > investigation of the mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation due to impaired Pitx2
by Jieyun Bai, Andy Lo, Patrick A. Gladding, Martin K. Stiles, Vadim V. Fedorov, Jichao Zhao
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and is a major cause of stroke and morbidity. Recent genome-wide association studies have shown that paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (Pitx2) to be strongly associated with AF. However, the mechanisms underlying Pitx2 modulated arrhythmogenesis and variable effectiveness of antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) in patients in the presence or absence of impaired Pitx2 expression remain unclear. We have developed multi-scale computer models, ranging from a ...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - February 24, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Jieyun Bai Source Type: research
Stroke effort and relative lung volume influence heart rate in diving sea lions RESEARCH ARTICLE
This study assesses the potential role of exercise and relative lung volume in the regulation of heart rate (fH) during dives of adult female California sea lions instrumented with ECG, depth, and 3-axis acceleration data loggers. A positive relationship between activity (minimum specific acceleration) and fH throughout dives suggested increased muscle perfusion associated with exercise. However, apart from late ascent, fH during dives was still less than or equal to resting heart rate (on land). In addition, the activity-fH relationship was weaker in long, deep dives consistent with prioritization of blood oxygen conserva...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 24, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: McDonald, B. I., Tift, M. S., Hückstädt, L. A., Jeffko, M., Ponganis, P. J. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Whole body hypothermia extends tissue plasminogen activator treatment window in the rat model of embolic stroke
Publication date: Available online 20 February 2020Source: Life SciencesAuthor(s): Mahsa Hassanipour, Mohammadreza Zarisfi, Vahid Ehsani, Mohammad AllahtavakoliAbstractLate treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) leads to reperfusion injury and poor outcome in ischemic stroke. We have recently shown the beneficial effects of local brain hypothermia after late thrombolysis. Herein, we investigated whether transient whole-body hypothermia was neuroprotective and could prevent the side effects of late tPA therapy at 5.5 h after embolic stroke. After induction of stroke, male rats were randomly assigned into four g...
Source: Life Sciences - February 20, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
NIH Slated for 7 percent Budget Cut
The President has proposed a $38.7 billion budget for the National Institutes of Health in fiscal year (FY) 2021. This translates to a $3 billion or 7 percent cut in the agency’s funding compared to FY 2020.
The NIH budget request includes a $50 million initiative to use artificial intelligence (AI) to develop a better understanding of the causes of chronic diseases and to identify early treatments. This plan is in line with the Administration’s “Industries of the Future” effort, which supports using and developing AI across sectors.
The budget would provide $50 million for the Childhood Cancer ...
Source: Public Policy Reports - February 18, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: AIBS Source Type: news
The mechanics of air-breathing in gray tree frog tadpoles, Hyla versicolor LeConte, 1825 (Anura: Hylidae) RESEARCH ARTICLE
We describe air-breathing mechanics in gray tree frog tadpoles (Hyla versicolor). We found that H. versicolor tadpoles breathe by ‘bubble-sucking’, a breathing mode typically employed by tadpoles too small to break the water's surface tension in which a bubble is drawn into the buccal cavity and compressed into the lungs. In most tadpoles, bubble-sucking is replaced by breach-breathing (breaking the surface to access air) at larger body sizes. In contrast, H. versicolor tadpoles bubble-suck throughout the larval period, despite reaching body sizes at which breaching is possible. H. versicolor tadpoles exhibit t...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 9, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Phillips, J. R., Hewes, A. E., Schwenk, K. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Cardiovascular responses to progressive hypoxia in ducks native to high altitude in the Andes RESEARCH ARTICLE
Sabine L. Lague, Catherine M. Ivy, Julia M. York, Beverly A. Chua, Luis Alza, Rebecca Cheek, Neal J. Dawson, Peter B. Frappell, Anthony P. Farrell, Kevin G. McCracken, Graham R. Scott, and William K. Milsom The cardiovascular system is critical for delivering O2 to tissues. Here we examine the cardiovascular responses to progressive hypoxia in four high-altitude Andean duck species compared to four related low-altitude populations in North America, tested at their native altitude. Ducks were exposed to stepwise decreases in inspired partial pressure of O2 while we monitored heart rate, O2 consumption rate, blood O2 saturat...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 9, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Lague, S. L., Ivy, C. M., York, J. M., Chua, B. A., Alza, L., Cheek, R., Dawson, N. J., Frappell, P. B., Farrell, A. P., McCracken, K. G., Scott, G. R., Milsom, W. K. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Pectoral fin kinematics and motor patterns are shaped by fin ray mechanosensation during steady swimming in Scarus quoyi RESEARCH ARTICLE
Brett R. Aiello, Aaron M. Olsen, Chris E. Mathis, Mark W. Westneat, and Melina E. Hale
For many fish species, rhythmic movement of the pectoral fins, or forelimbs, drives locomotion. In terrestrial vertebrates, normal limb-based rhythmic gaits require ongoing modulation with limb mechanosensors. Given the complexity of the fluid environment and dexterity of fish swimming through it, we hypothesize that mechanosensory modulation is also critical to normal fin-based swimming. Here, we examined the role of sensory feedback from the pectoral fin rays and membrane on the neuromuscular control and kinematics of pectoral fin-bas...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - January 22, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Aiello, B. R., Olsen, A. M., Mathis, C. E., Westneat, M. W., Hale, M. E. Tags: Comparative biomechanics of movement RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Sticky situation inside blood vessels can worsen stroke damage
(Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University) A stroke appears to create a sticky situation inside the blood vessels of the brain that can worsen damage days, even months later, scientists report.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - January 15, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: news
Pharmacological intervention of histone deacetylase enzymes in the neurodegenerative disorders
Publication date: Available online 8 January 2020Source: Life SciencesAuthor(s): Rohan Gupta, Rashmi K. Ambasta, Pravir KumarAbstractReversal of aging symptoms and related disorders are the challenging task where epigenetic is a crucial player that includes DNA methylation, histone modification; chromatin remodeling and regulation that are linked to the progression of various neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Overexpression of various histone deacetylase (HDACs) can activate Glycogen synthase kinase 3 which promotes the hyperphosphorylation of tau and inhibits its degradation. While HDAC is important for maintaining the ...
Source: Life Sciences - January 9, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
