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The vascular gene Apold1 is dispensable for normal development but controls angiogenesis under pathological conditions
AbstractThe molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis have been intensely studied, but many genes that control endothelial behavior and fate still need to be described. Here, we characterize the role ofApold1 (Apolipoprotein L domain containing 1) in angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Single-cell analyses reveal that - across tissues - the expression ofApold1 is restricted to the vasculature and thatApold1 expression in endothelial cells (ECs) is highly sensitive to environmental factors. UsingApold1−/− mice, we find thatApold1 is dispensable for development and does not affect postnatal retinal angiogenesis nor alters the ...
Source: Angiogenesis - March 18, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

GSE223628 Therapeutic modulation of the blood-brain barrier and ischemic stroke by a bioengineered FZD4-selective WNT surrogate (bulk)
Contributors : Jie Ding ; Kanako Yuki ; Calvin KuoSeries Type : Expression profiling by high throughput sequencingOrganism : Mus musculusDerangements of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or blood-retinal barrier (BRB) occur in disorders ranging from stroke, cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. The Norrin/FZD4/TSPAN12 pathway activates WNT/ -catenin signaling, which is essential for BBB and BRB function. However, systemic pharmacologic FZD4 stimulation is hindered by obligate palmitoylation and insolubility of native WNTs and suboptimal properties of the FZD4-selective ligand Norrin. Here, we developed L6-F...
Source: GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus - January 31, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing Mus musculus Source Type: research

GSE223498 Therapeutic modulation of the blood-brain barrier and ischemic stroke by a bioengineered FZD4-selective WNT surrogate
Contributors : Jie Ding ; Lukas Vlahos ; Vincent van Unen ; Kanako Yuki ; Calvin KuoSeries Type : Expression profiling by high throughput sequencingOrganism : Mus musculusDerangements of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or blood-retinal barrier (BRB) occur in disorders ranging from stroke, cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. The Norrin/FZD4/TSPAN12 pathway activates WNT/ -catenin signaling, which is essential for BBB and BRB function. However, systemic pharmacologic FZD4 stimulation is hindered by obligate palmitoylation and insolubility of native WNTs and suboptimal properties of the FZD4-selective liga...
Source: GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus - January 31, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing Mus musculus Source Type: research

Transgenic animal models to explore and modulate the blood brain and blood retinal barriers of the CNS
AbstractThe unique environment of the brain and retina is tightly regulated by blood –brain barrier and the blood-retinal barrier, respectively, to ensure proper neuronal function. Endothelial cells within these tissues possess distinct properties that allow for controlled passage of solutes and fluids. Pericytes, glia cells and neurons signal to endothelial cells (ECs) to form an d maintain the barriers and control blood flow, helping to create the neurovascular unit. This barrier is lost in a wide range of diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and retina such as brain tumors, stroke, dementia, and in the ...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - November 1, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

What Causes Sudden Vision Loss?
Discussion Vision loss, whether chronic or acute, is distressing at any time for patients and families. Prompt evaluation and treatment are important as maintenance of any acuity and light or movement is considered paramount. Most vision loss is due to chronic problems and aging issues but the differential diagnosis is broad. For any age, but especially children, uncorrected refractive errors can cause problems in not only in childhood but throughout someone’s lifetime. Visual impairment for distance vision is considered mild if worse than 6/12 in meters = 20/40 in feet or 0.3 LogMAR and for moderate impairment is 6/...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - September 5, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Incidence and Risk of Various Types of Arterial Thromboembolism in Patients With Cancer
CONCLUSION: In this observational study of an aggregated US patient population, those with newly diagnosed cancer had increased risk of ATE events. This risk was most elevated in a 330-day window around cancer diagnosis and was consistent across different types of ATE and cancer.PMID:33673912 | DOI:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.045
Source: Clinical Colorectal Cancer - March 6, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jiasheng Wang Yeseong D Kim Chang H Kim Source Type: research

Alternating Amaurosis Fugax in Trousseau Syndrome: A Case Report
Amaurosis fugax (AmF) is defined as transient monocular visual loss secondary to retinal ischemia. In most patients presenting with AmF, the attack of visual loss occurs in the same eye. A 64-year-old woman experienced transient visual loss in her right eye. Three days after that, an attack happened on the left side. In total, she had 5 episodes of AmF in 2 months. AmF occurred on both sides at different times, and so may be referred to as “Alternating AmF”. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed high-intensity lesions in various parts of brain, and laboratory examination revealed elevated D-dimer and ovarian tumor marker.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - May 12, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Katsuhiko Kunitake, Ryosuke Inagaki, Soma Furukawa, Satoshi Kitagawa, Hidenori Oguchi, Yasuhiro Ito Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Effects of Neurotrophic Factors in Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System: Expression and Properties in Neurodegeneration and Injury
Conclusion and Future Aspects This review summarizes available NTF expression data, compiles existing evidence on the effects of glial NTF signaling in healthy conditions and in disease models (Figure 1), and highlights the importance of this topic for future studies. The relationship between NTFs and glia is crucial for both the developing and adult brain. While some of these factors, such as NT-3 and CNTF, have highly potent effects on gliogenesis, others like BDNF and GDNF, are important for glia-mediated synapse formation. Neurotrophic factors play significant roles during neurodegenerative disorders. In many cases, ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

A 23-Year-Old Woman with Sudden-Onset Blindness of the Right Eye
A 23-year-woman was presented for sudden-onset monocular blindness. Branch retinal artery occlusion in the right eye and multiple brain embolism were detected. Trousseau syndrome due to bilateral ovarian cancer was diagnosed; no embolic events were observed after anticoagulant therapy and surgical resection.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - January 9, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Yosuke Takeuchi, Keiichi Nakahara, Makoto Nakajima, Yasuteru Inoue, Riyo Matsumura, Munekage Yamaguchi, Hidetaka Katabuchi, Yukio Ando Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

The role of plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein in pathological breakdown of blood –brain and blood–retinal barriers: potential novel therapeutic target for cerebral edema and diabetic macular edema
AbstractBreakdown of the blood –brain barrier (BBB) or inner blood–retinal barrier (BRB), induced by pathologically elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or other mediators, can lead to vasogenic edema and significant clinical problems such as neuronal morbidity and mortality, or vision loss. Restoratio n of the barrier function with corticosteroids in the brain, or by blocking VEGF in the eye are currently the predominant treatment options for brain edema and diabetic macular edema, respectively. However, corticosteroids have side effects, and VEGF has important neuroprotective, vascular protect...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - September 20, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neurology: Images in Clinical Medicine
Editor: V. Dimov, M.D., Cleveland ClinicHypoglossal Nerve Palsy during Meningococcal Meningitis. NEJM, 10/2014.Absent Superficial Abdominal Reflex due to thoracic spinal cord neuromyelitis. NEJM, 05/2014.Kayser-Fleischer Rings in Wilson ' s Disease. NEJM, 03/2012.Perilymph Fistula Test leads to nystagmus. NEJM, 01/2012.A stray bullet in the brain - with no deficit of power, cognition, sense of touch, or speech. Lancet, 01/2012.Blindness after Fat Injections. NEJM, 12/2011.Internal-Carotid-Artery Dissection and Cranial-Nerve Palsies. NEJM, 12/2011.A Head Shot. NEJM, 12/2011.Multiple Intracranial Tuberculomas. NEJM, 10/2011....
Source: Clinical Cases and Images - August 22, 2009 Category: General Medicine Tags: Images Neurology Source Type: news