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Source: Frontiers in Physiology
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Total 282 results found since Jan 2013.
Irritant Inhalation Evokes P Wave Morphological Changes in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats via Reflex Modulation of the Autonomic Nervous System
Irritant inhalation is associated with increased incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke. Irritant inhalation acutely regulates cardiac function via autonomic reflexes. Increases in parasympathetic and sympathetic reflexes may increase atrial susceptibility to ectopic activity and the initiation of arrhythmia such as AF. Both age and hypertension are risk factors for AF. We have shown that irritant-evoked pulmonary–cardiac reflexes are remodeled in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats to include a sympathetic component in addition to the parasympathetic reflex observed in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. He...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - July 27, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Arterial Load and Norepinephrine Are Associated With the Response of the Cardiovascular System to Fluid Expansion
ConclusionThe arterial load and NE administration were associated with fluid responsiveness. A high arterial load was associated with fluid responsiveness. In patients treated with NE, this association was lower, and the changes of arterial load following FE seemed to be driven mainly by its resistive component.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - August 4, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Diabetes and Heart Failure: Multi-Omics Approaches
This article reviewed the recent omics-driven discoveries in the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes and heart failure with focus on the common molecular mechanisms.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - August 6, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Molecular Signaling Mechanisms and Function of Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-A in the Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Homeostasis
The discovery of atrial, brain, and C-type natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, and CNP) and their cognate receptors has greatly increased our knowledge of the control of hypertension and cardiovascular homeostasis. ANP and BNP are potent endogenous hypotensive hormones that elicit natriuretic, diuretic, vasorelaxant, antihypertrophic, antiproliferative, and antiinflammatory effects, largely directed toward the reduction of blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The principal receptor involved in the regulatory actions of ANP and BNP is guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA), which produces...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - August 19, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
New Peptides as Potential Players in the Crosstalk Between the Brain and Obesity, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases
According to the World Health Organization report published in 2016, 650 million people worldwide suffer from obesity, almost three times more than in 1975. Obesity is defined as excessive fat accumulation which may impair health with non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke), and some cancers. Despite medical advances, cardiovascular complications are still the leading causes of death arising from obesity. Excessive fat accumulation is caused by the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The pathogenesis of this process is complex and not ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - August 23, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Detection of Brief Episodes of Atrial Fibrillation Based on Electrocardiomatrix and Convolutional Neural Network
Conclusions: Rhythm and morphological characteristics of the electrocardiogram can be learned by a CNN from ECM-images for the detection of brief episodes of AF.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - August 25, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Hemodynamic Responses in Carotid Bifurcation Induced by Enhanced External Counterpulsation Stimulation in Healthy Controls and Patients With Neurological Disorders
This study may play an important role in the translation of physiological benefits of EECP treatment in populations with or without neurological disorders.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - August 31, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Claudin-5 Affects Endothelial Autophagy in Response to Early Hypoxia
Hypoxic injury to cerebrovascular endothelial cells (ECs) after stroke leads to blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, which is commonly associated with disruptions of endothelial tight junctions (TJs) and increased permeability. Therefore, maintaining the structural integrity and proper function of the BBB is essential for the homeostasis and physiological function of the central nervous system (CNS). Our previous study revealed that autophagy functions on protecting the BBB by regulating the dynamics of Claudin-5, the essential TJ protein, under short-term starvation or hypoxia conditions. Here, we show that in zebrafish...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - August 31, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Decompression Illness in Repetitive Breath-Hold Diving: Why Ischemic Lesions Involve the Brain?
This article provides an overview of clinical manifestations of DCI following repetitive BH dives and discusses possible mechanisms based on clinical and neuroimaging studies.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 3, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Cardiovascular Effects of Epinephrine During Experimental Hypothermia (32 °C) With Spontaneous Circulation in an Intact Porcine Model
Conclusion: Administration of both 30 ng/kg/min and 90 ng/kg/min at 32°C had a positive inotropic effect and reduced afterload. We found no evidence of increased pro-arrhythmic activity after epinephrine infusion in hypothermic pigs. Our experiment therefore suggests that β₁-receptor stimulation with epinephrine could be a favorable strategy for providing cardiovascular support in hypothermic patients, at core temperatures >32°C.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 6, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
SBP Is Superior to MAP to Reflect Tissue Perfusion and Hemodynamic Abnormality Perioperatively
Many articles have reported that intraoperative low mean artery pressure (MAP) or low systolic blood pressure (SBP) impacts on organs’ function and patients’ outcomes perioperatively. On the contrary, what type of blood pressure should be obtained still needs to be clarified. In our paper, we compared the influencing factors of MAP and SBP, and mathematical formula, arterial pulse contour calculation, and cardiovascular physiological knowledge were adopted to discuss how blood pressure can effectively reflect tissue perfusion and hemodynamic abnormality perioperatively. We concluded that MAP can reflect cardiac output ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 14, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
RNase A Inhibits Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Conclusion: Neutrophil extracellular trap formation following SAH originates in the ipsilateral SAS of the bleeding site and spreads gradually over time to basal, cortical, and periventricular areas in the parenchyma within 14days. Intravenous RNase application abrogates NET burden significantly in the brain parenchyma, underpinning a potential role in modulation of the innate immune activation after SAH.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 16, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Tackling Ischemic Reperfusion Injury With the Aid of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering
Ischemia is a severe condition in which blood supply, including oxygen (O), to organs and tissues is interrupted and reduced. This is usually due to a clog or blockage in the arteries that feed the affected organ. Reinstatement of blood flow is essential to salvage ischemic tissues, restoring O, and nutrient supply. However, reperfusion itself may lead to major adverse consequences. Ischemia-reperfusion injury is often prompted by the local and systemic inflammatory reaction, as well as oxidative stress, and contributes to organ and tissue damage. In addition, the duration and consecutive ischemia-reperfusion cycles are re...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 17, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
MEDEX 2015: Prophylactic Effects of Positive Expiratory Pressure in Trekkers at Very High Altitude
Conclusion: PEP10 breathing improved arterial and tissue oxygenation and symptoms of acute mountain sickness after trekking to very high altitude, despite reduced cerebral perfusion and cardiac output. Further studies are required to establish whether PEP-breathing prophylactic mechanisms also occur in participants with more severe acute mountain sickness.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 21, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Cardiovascular Responses to Simultaneous Diving and Muscle Metaboreflex Activation
Conclusion: Results addressed the hypothesis that DR overcame the MM in our setting.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - October 22, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
