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Source: Frontiers in Physiology
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Total 282 results found since Jan 2013.
Blood-Brain Barrier Damage in Ischemic Stroke and Its Regulation by Endothelial Mechanotransduction
Ischemic stroke, a major cause of mortality in the United States, often contributes to disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB along with its supportive cells, collectively referred to as the “neurovascular unit,” is the brain’s multicellular microvasculature that bi-directionally regulates the transport of blood, ions, oxygen, and cells from the circulation into the brain. It is thus vital for the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis. BBB disruption, which is associated with the altered expression of tight junction proteins and BBB transporters, is believed to exacerbate brain injury caused...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - December 22, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Vulnerable Plaque Is More Prevalent in Male Individuals at High Risk of Stroke: A Propensity Score-Matched Study
ConclusionMale individuals had a higher risk of vulnerable carotid plaque independent of classical vascular risk factors. Whether there is a gender-specific association between variations in genes related to inflammation, lipid metabolis, and endothelial function and plaque vulnerability needs to be further studied.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Investigating the Association of Wallerian Degeneration and Diaschisis After Ischemic Stroke With BOLD Cerebrovascular Reactivity
ConclusionWe show a strong association between Wallerian degeneration and ipsilateral thalamic diaschisis, indicating a structural pathophysiological relationship.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - June 24, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Normobaric Hypoxia Exposure During Treadmill Aerobic Exercise After Stroke: A Safety and Feasibility Study
ConclusionModerate normobaric hypoxia appeared to be a safe and feasible method to increase the cardiovascular strain of submaximal exercise in chronic hemiparetic stroke survivors. Future studies evaluating the effects of pairing normobaric hypoxia exposure with existing therapies on secondary prevention and functional recovery are warranted.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - August 16, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Resting State EEG Directed Functional Connectivity Unveils Changes in Motor Network Organization in Subacute Stroke Patients After Rehabilitation
Brain plasticity and functional reorganization are mechanisms behind functional motor recovery of patients after an ischemic stroke. The study of resting-state motor network functional connectivity by means of EEG proved to be useful in investigating changes occurring in the information flow and find correlation with motor function recovery. In the literature, most studies applying EEG to post-stroke patients investigated the undirected functional connectivity of interacting brain regions. Quite recently, works started to investigate the directionality of the connections and many approaches or features have been proposed, ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 5, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Sirtuins 1 and 2 in the Acute Period After Photothrombotic Stroke: Expression, Localization and Involvement in Apoptosis
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD+- dependent histone deacetylases. They are involved in a variety of biological pathways and are thought to be a promising target for treating several human disorders. Although evidence is piling up to support the neuroprotective role of SIRTs in ischemic stroke, the role of different sirtuin isoforms needs further investigation. We studied the effects of photothrombotic stroke (PTS) on the expression and localization of sirtuins SIRT1 and SIRT2 in neurons and astrocytes of the penumbra and tested the activity of their selective and non-selective inhibitors. SIRT1 levels significantly decreased in t...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 27, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Classification of functional and non-functional arm use by inertial measurement units in individuals with upper limb impairment after stroke
Conclusion: This work compares the validity of methods classifying stroke survivors’ real-life arm activities measured by wrist-worn sensors excluding whole-body movements. The determined optimal thresholds and machine learning classifiers achieved an equivalent accuracy and higher specificity than conventional thresholds. Our open-sourced classifier or optimal thresholds should be used to specify the intensity and duration of arm use.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 28, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Treating exertional heat stroke: Limited understanding of the female response to cold water immersion
According to an expansive body of research and best practice statements, whole-body cold water immersion is the gold standard treatment for exertional heat stroke. However, as this founding evidence was predominantly drawn from males, the current guidelines for treatment are being applied to women without validation. Given the recognised differences in thermal responses experienced by men and women, all-encompassing exertional heat stroke treatment advice may not effectively protect both sexes. In fact, recent evidence suggests that hyperthermic women cool faster than hyperthermic men during cold water immersion. This rais...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - November 25, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Quantitative assessment of biceps brachii muscle stiffness by using Young ’s modulus–Angle curve during passive stretching in stroke patients
Conclusion: The passive elastic characteristics of the biceps brachii are consistent with the exponential model. The Young’s modulus–elbow angle curve of the biceps brachii changes in distinct ways depending on the muscle tone status. SWE can be used to quantify muscular stiffness during passive stretching as a new way of muscle tone evaluation, allowing for quantitative muscle tone evaluation and mathematical assessment of muscle mechanical properties in stroke patients.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - March 8, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Concurrent validity of machine learning-classified functional upper extremity use from accelerometry in chronic stroke
Conclusion: Our machine learning approach provides a valid measure of functional UE use. The accuracy, validity, and small footprint of this machine learning approach makes it feasible for measurement of UE recovery in stroke rehabilitation trials.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - March 22, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Towards continuous EIT monitoring for hemorrhagic stroke patients
The practical implementation of continuous monitoring of stroke patients by Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is addressed. In a previous paper, we have demonstrated EIT sensitivity to cerebral hemodynamics, using scalp-mounted electrodes, very low-noise measurements, and a novel image reconstruction method. In the present paper, we investigate the potential to adapt that system for clinical application, by using 50% fewer electrodes and by incorporating into the measurement protocol an additional high-frequency measurement to provide an effective reference. Previously published image reconstruction methods for multi-f...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 5, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Effects of EMG-based robot for upper extremity rehabilitation on post-stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusion: The effect of EMG-based robot is superior to conventional therapies in terms of improving upper extremity motor control, spasticity and activity limitation. Further research should explore optimal parameters of EMG-based robot therapy and its long-term effects on upper limb function in post-stroke patients.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; Identifier: 387070.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 3, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Optimization of a Rhabdomyolysis Model in Mice With Exertional Heat Stroke Mouse Model of EHS-Rhabdomyolysis
In conclusion, we made improvements to a stable EHS-induced RM animal model to truly reflect the clinical characteristics of EHS patients. This new model should be helpful in the further study of RM pathogenesis.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - June 15, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Slow-Paced Breathing and Autonomic Function in People Post-stroke
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that in people post-stroke, slow breathing may increase BRS, particularly BRSup, more than a typical breathing space; however, paced breathing at either a slow or typical breathing rate appears to be beneficial for acutely decreasing systolic BP and HR and increasing HRV.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - October 30, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Differential Influence of Physical Activity on Cardiopulmonary Performance and Stroke Volume Assessed at Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in Pectus Excavatum: A Pilot Study
ConclusionPhysical activity is a determinant of VO2 max (cardiopulmonary performance), whereas it appears not to affect O2 pulse (a measure of stroke volume at peak exercise) related to constrained diastolic filling in PE.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 3, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
