Filtered By:
Source: Frontiers in Physiology
This page shows you your search results in order of relevance. This is page number 11.
Order by Relevance | Date
Total 282 results found since Jan 2013.
A Novel Model of Mixed Vascular Dementia Incorporating Hypertension in a Rat Model of Alzheimer ’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mixed dementia (MxD) comprise the majority of dementia cases in the growing global aging population. MxD describes the coexistence of AD pathology with vascular pathology, including cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Cardiovascular disease increases risk for AD and MxD, but mechanistic synergisms between the coexisting pathologies affecting dementia risk, progression and the ultimate clinical manifestations remain elusive. To explore the additive or synergistic interactions between AD and chronic hypertension, we developed a rat model of MxD, produced by breeding APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenes i...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - October 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD) – Lessons From the Animal Models
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) refers to a spectrum of clinical and imaging findings resulting from pathological processes of various etiologies affecting cerebral arterioles, perforating arteries, capillaries, and venules. Unlike large vessels, it is a challenge to visualize small vessels in vivo, hence the difficulty to directly monitor the natural progression of the disease. CSVD might progress for many years during the early stage of the disease as it remains asymptomatic. Prevalent among elderly individuals, CSVD has been alarmingly reported as an important precursor of full-blown stroke and vascular dementia. G...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - October 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Cardiopulmonary Capacity in Children During Exercise Testing: The Differences Between Treadmill and Upright and Supine Cycle Ergometry
Conclusion: There are no differences in peak cardiac output between the upright bicycle test and supine bicycle tests. Heart rate and corrected peak V.O2 are lower in the supine test (0°) than the upright bicycle test. In the treadmill test, it is a higher absolute and relative peak V.O2. Despite the latter differences, we are convinced that both upright and supine bicycle tests are apt in the clinical setting when needed.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - November 28, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Geometry of the Carotid Artery and Its Association With Pathologic Changes in a Chinese Population
ConclusionGeometry of the carotid artery and position relative to cervical spine might be associated with ECM and YAP protein expression, which could contribute to carotid artery stenosis.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 20, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Intermittent Calf Compression Delays the Onset of Presyncope in Young Healthy Individuals
Orthostatic fluid shifts reduce the effective circulating volume and thus contribute to syncope susceptibility. Recurrent syncope has a devastating impact on quality of life and is challenging to manage effectively. To blunt orthostatic fluid shifts, static calf compression garments are often prescribed to patients with syncope, but have questionable efficacy. Intermittent calf compression, which mimics the skeletal muscle pump to minimize pooling and filtration, holds promise for the management of syncope. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intermittent calf compression for increasing orthostatic tolerance (OT; tim...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 22, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Neutrophil-Related Oxidants Drive Heart and Brain Remodeling After Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
The inflammatory response associated with myocardial and brain ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a critical determinant of tissue necrosis, functional organ recovery, and long-term clinical outcomes. In the post-ischemic period, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in tissue repair through the clearance of dead cells and cellular debris. Neutrophils play a critical role in redox signaling due to their early recruitment and the large variety of released ROS. Noteworthy, ROS generated during IRI have a relevant role in both myocardial healing and activation of neuroprotective pathways. Anatomical and functional diff...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 3, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Tolerance to Central Hypovolemia Is Greater Following Caffeinated Coffee Consumption in Habituated Users
We investigated the influence of caffeinated coffee consumption on cardiovascular responses and tolerance to central hypovolemia in individuals habituated to caffeine. Thirteen participants completed three trials, consuming caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee or water before exposure to central hypovolemia via lower body negative pressure (LBNP) to pre syncope. Tolerance to central hypovolemia was quantified as cumulative stress index (CSI: LBNP level multiplied by time; mmHg × min). Prior to the consumption of caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and water, heart rate (HR: 62 ± 10, 63 ± 9 and 61 ± 8 BPM, res...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 4, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Angiotensin-(1 –7) Receptor Mas Deficiency Does Not Exacerbate Cardiac Atrophy Following High-Level Spinal Cord Injury in Mice
Experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) causes a morphological and functional deterioration of the heart, in which the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) might play a role. The recently discovered non-canonical axis of RAS with angiotensin-(1–7) and its receptor Mas, which is associated with cardioprotection could be essential to prevent damage to the heart following SCI. We investigated the cardiac consequences of SCI and the role of Mas in female wild-type (WT, n = 22) and mice deficient of Mas (Mas–/–, n = 25) which underwent spinal cord transection at thoracic level T4 (T4-Tx) or sham-operation by echocardiography (0...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - March 11, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
The Importance of Sleep Fragmentation on the Hemodynamic Dipping in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients
ConclusionIn this study, we demonstrated that in OSA, the physiological dipping in SBP and SV decreased, and the variation of all investigated parameters increased. Hierarchical regression analysis indicates that the addition of the AI to BMI, age, and AHI increases the prediction of the HP evolution following sleep onset for both SBP and SV and may be the most important variable.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - March 12, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Effect of Combined Mental Task and Metaboreflex Activation on Hemodynamics and Cerebral Oxygenation in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Conclusion: It was concluded that (1) patients with MS showed hemodynamic dysregulation during the metaboreflex, with exaggerated vasoconstriction and that (2) as compared to CTL, MS patients had reduced capacity to enhance COX when an MT superimposed the metaboreflex.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 13, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Targeting Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Mediated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation for Reducing Brain Ischemia Injury: Potential Application of Natural Compounds
This article discusses the important roles of MPO in mediating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and reviews the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we summarize the active compounds from medicinal herbs with potential as MPO inhibitors for anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation to attenuate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and as adjunct therapeutic agents for extending the window of thrombolytic treatment. We highlight that targeting MPO could be a promising strategy for alleviating ischemic brain injury, which merits further translational study.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 18, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Differentiation of Feeding Behaviors Based on Masseter and Supra-Hyoid Muscle Activity
This study aimed to test the hypothesis that there is a difference in the sequential coordination between the masseter and supra-hyoid muscles, and to identify feeding behaviors such as chewing and squeezing using electromyography. Seventeen male subjects (mean age: 30.8 years) were recruited. Four kinds of gels were prepared (two kinds of fracture force and fracture strain) as test samples. Subjects were instructed to consume the gels in three ways: squeezing with the tongue, chewing with the teeth and eating freely until swallowing. The amount of squeezing/chewing and the consumption time was unlimited. The masseter and ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - June 11, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
10% Higher Rowing Power Outputs After Flexion-Extension-Cycle Compared to an Isolated Concentric Contraction in Sub-Elite Rowers
In conclusion, notably higher work and power outputs (compared to an isolated concentric contraction) during FEC rowing referred to an underlying SSC. Future ultrasound studies should elucidate whether a real SSC on the muscle tendon unit level account for these performance enhancements.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - June 16, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Pharmacological Manipulation of Kv7 Channels as a New Therapeutic Tool for Multiple Brain Disorders
Kv7 (“M-type,” KCNQ) K+ currents, play dominant roles in controlling neuronal excitability. They act as a “brake” against hyperexcitable states in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Pharmacological augmentation of M current has been developed for controlling epileptic seizures, although current pharmacological tools are uneven in practical usefulness. Lately, however, M-current “opener” compounds have been suggested to be efficacious in preventing brain damage after multiple types of insults/diseases, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, drug addiction and mood disorders. In this review, we will dis...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - June 18, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
MNX (Medium Duration Nutrition and Resistance-Vibration Exercise) Bed-Rest: Effect of Resistance Vibration Exercise Alone or Combined With Whey Protein Supplementation on Cardiovascular System in 21-Day Head-Down Bed Rest
In conclusion, RVE and NeX failed to prevent the cardiovascular deconditioning induced by a 21 day-HDBR.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - July 15, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
