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Source: Experimental Brain Research

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Total 199 results found since Jan 2013.

Cortico-thalamic disconnection in a patient with supernumerary phantom limb.
Abstract Supernumerary phantom limb (SPL) designates the experience of an illusory additional limb occurring after brain damage. Functional neuroimaging during SPL movements documented increased response in the ipsilesional supplementary motor area (SMA), premotor cortex (PMC), thalamus and caudate. This suggested that motor circuits are important for bodily related cognition, but anatomical evidence is sparse. Here, we tested this hypothesis by studying an extremely rare patient with chronic SPL, still present 3 years after a vascular stroke affecting cortical and subcortical right-hemisphere structures. Anatomi...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - July 27, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Bourlon C, Urbanski M, Quentin R, Duret C, Bardinet E, Bartolomeo P, Bourgeois A Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Touch-induced pupil size reflects stimulus intensity, not subjective pleasantness.
Abstract Interpersonal touch is known to influence human communication and emotion. An important system for interpersonal touch is the C-tactile (CT) system, which is activated by a soft stroke on hairy skin with a velocity of 1-10 cms-1. This system been proposed to play a unique role in hedonic valence and emotion of touch. For other sensory modalities, hedonic processing has been associated with pupil dilation. However, it is unclear whether pupil dilation can be modulated by hedonic touch. The current study investigated in two experiments how pupil size reacts to both affective and non-affective stroking. Pup...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - October 29, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: van Hooijdonk R, Mathot S, Schat E, Spencer H, van der Stigchel S, Dijkerman HC Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor skill learning in young and older adults.
Abstract The ability to acquire and retain novel motor skills is preserved with advancing age. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying skill acquisition in older adults have received little systematic investigation. The aim of the present study was to assess the modulation of primary motor cortex excitability and inhibition after skill acquisition in young and older adults. Sixteen young and sixteen older adults trained on a sequential visual isometric wrist extension task. Anodal or sham transcranial direct current stimulation was applied during training in a pseudorandomized crossover design. Skill...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - July 8, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mooney RA, Cirillo J, Byblow WD Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Event-related desynchronization possibly discriminates the kinesthetic illusion induced by visual stimulation from movement observation.
This study sought to identify a biomarker of KINVIS using event-related desynchronization (ERD) to improve the application of KINVIS to brain-machine interface (BMI) therapy of patients with stroke with hemiparesis. We included healthy adults in whom KINVIS could be induced. Scalp electroencephalograms were recorded during the KINVIS condition, where KINVIS was induced using a self-movement image. The findings were compared to signals recorded during an observation (OB) condition where only the self-movement image was viewed. For the signal intensity of the α- and low β-frequency bands, we calculated ERD during a movie p...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - October 18, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shibata E, Kaneko F Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Changes in ipsilesional hand motor function differ after unilateral injury to frontal versus frontoparietal cortices in Macaca mulatta.
Abstract We tested the hypothesis that injury to frontoparietal sensorimotor areas causes greater initial impairments in performance and poorer recovery of ipsilesional dexterous hand/finger movements than lesions limited to frontal motor areas in rhesus monkeys. Reaching and grasping/manipulation of small targets with the ipsilesional hand were assessed for 6-12 months post-injury using two motor tests. Initial post-lesion motor skill and long-term recovery of motor skill were compared in two groups of monkeys: (1) F2 group-five cases with lesions of arm areas of primary motor cortex (M1) and lateral premotor co...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - December 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Darling WG, Pizzimenti MA, Rotella DL, Ge J, Stilwell-Morecraft KS, Morecraft RJ Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Starting position effects in the measurement of the postural vertical for pusher behavior.
Abstract Pusher behavior (PB) is a severe lateral postural disorder that involves a disturbed subjective postural vertical (SPV) in the frontal plane. SPV is measured by determining the mean value and standard deviation of several trials beginning on both the contralesional- and ipsilesional-tilted positions. However, the postural representation, when passively tilted to the contralesional versus ipsilesional position, is different between patients with and without PB. Therefore, we hypothesized that SPV dependence on the starting position will be influenced by PB. For 53 patients with hemispheric stroke enrolled,...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - July 17, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fukata K, Amimoto K, Fujino Y, Inoue M, Inoue M, Takahashi Y, Sekine D, Makita S, Takahashi H Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Collagen hydrogels loaded with fibroblast growth factor-2 as a bridge to repair brain vessels in organotypic brain slices.
Abstract Vessel damage is a general pathological process in many neurodegenerative disorders, as well as spinal cord injury, stroke, or trauma. Biomaterials can present novel tools to repair and regenerate damaged vessels. The aim of the present study is to test collagen hydrogels loaded with different angiogenic factors to study vessel repair in organotypic brain slice cultures. In the experimental set up I, we made a cut on the organotypic brain slice and tested re-growth of laminin + vessels. In the experimental set up II, we cultured two half brain slices with a gap with a collagen hydrogel placed in betwe...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - August 28, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ucar B, Yusufogullari S, Humpel C Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Improvement of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by L-3-n-butylphthalide through promoting angiogenesis.
In conclusion, our results demonstrated that L-NBP exerted significant beneficial effects on cerebral I/R injury in rats through promoting angiogenesis, which may be associated with the activation of Nrf2/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. Our results suggested that L-NBP could be a potential therapeutic drug for cerebral I/R injury. PMID: 33180154 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Brain Research - November 12, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Huang Y, Pan L, Wu T Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Shoulder position and handedness differentially affect excitability and intracortical inhibition of hand muscles
Exp Brain Res. 2021 Mar 9. doi: 10.1007/s00221-021-06077-w. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIndividuals with stroke show distinct differences in hand function impairment when the shoulder is in adduction, within the workspace compared to when the shoulder is abducted, away from the body. To better understand how shoulder position affects hand control, we tested the corticomotor excitability and intracortical control of intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles important for grasp in twelve healthy individuals. Motor evoked potentials (MEP) using single and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation were elicited in extensor d...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - March 22, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shashwati Geed Megan Grainger Michelle L Harris-Love Peter S Lum Alexander W Dromerick Source Type: research

Protective effects of Astragaloside IV against oxidative injury and apoptosis in cultured astrocytes by regulating Nrf2/JNK signaling
In conclusion, these findings revealed that AS-IV protected against OGD/R-induced astrocytes through inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways.PMID:33830313 | DOI:10.1007/s00221-021-06096-7
Source: Experimental Brain Research - April 8, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jintao Yang Chongyu Shao Wentao Li Haitong Wan Yu He Jiehong Yang Source Type: research

Unilateral traumatic brain injury of the left and right hemisphere produces the left hindlimb response in rats
Exp Brain Res. 2021 May 22. doi: 10.1007/s00221-021-06118-4. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTraumatic brain injury and stroke result in hemiplegia, hemiparesis, and asymmetry in posture. The effects are mostly contralateral; however, ipsilesional deficits may also develop. We here examined whether ablation brain injury and controlled cortical impact (CCI), a rat model of clinical focal traumatic brain injury, both centered over the left or right sensorimotor cortex, induced hindlimb postural asymmetry (HL-PA) with contralesional or ipsilesional limb flexion. The contralesional hindlimb was flexed after left or right side ab...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - May 22, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Georgy Bakalkin Olga Nosova Daniil Sarkisyan Mathias Hallberg Mengliang Zhang Jens Schouenborg Niklas Marklund Hiroyuki Watanabe Source Type: research