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Source: Experimental Brain Research

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Total 199 results found since Jan 2013.

Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells ameliorate ischemic brain injury via promoting microglia/macrophages M2 polarization in MCAO Rats
Exp Brain Res. 2023 May 4. doi: 10.1007/s00221-023-06600-1. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCerebral infarction is one of the most prevalent cerebrovascular disorders. Microglia and infiltrating macrophages play a key role in regulating the inflammatory response after ischemic stroke. Regulation of microglia/macrophages polarization contributes to the recovery of neurological function in cerebral infarction. In recent decades, human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (hUCBMNCs) have been considered a potential therapeutic alternative. However, the mechanism of action is yet unclear. Our study aimed to explore whether hUC...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - May 4, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hongmei Li Gai Xiao Xiao Tan Guojun Liu Yangzhou Xu Shaojuan Gu Source Type: research

Recruitment of ipsilateral and contralateral upper limb muscles following stimulation of the cortical motor areas in the monkey.
Abstract It is well established that cortical motor stimulation results in contralateral upper limb (UL) activity. Motor responses are also elicited in the ipsilateral UL, though controversy surrounds the significance of these effects. Evidence suggests that ipsilateral muscle activity is more common following the stimulation of the supplementary motor area (SMA) and dorsal premotor area (PMd), compared to the primary motor cortex (M1), but none of these studies compared effects from all three areas in the same subjects. This has limited our understanding of how these three cortical motor areas influence ipsilater...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - July 14, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Montgomery LR, Herbert WJ, Buford JA Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Effects of structural and functional cerebellar lesions on sensorimotor adaptation of saccades.
Abstract The cerebellum is critically involved in the adaptation mechanisms that maintain the accuracy of goal-directed acts such as saccadic eye movements. Two categories of saccades, each relying on different adaptation mechanisms, are defined: reactive (externally triggered) saccades and voluntary (internally triggered) saccades. The contribution of the medio-posterior part of the cerebellum to reactive saccades adaptation has been clearly demonstrated, but the evidence that other parts of the cerebellum are also involved is limited. Moreover, the cerebellar substrates of voluntary saccades adaptation have only...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - August 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Panouillères M, Alahyane N, Urquizar C, Salemme R, Nighoghossian N, Gaymard B, Tilikete C, Pélisson D Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Effect of a textured insole on balance and gait symmetry.
Abstract Asymmetry of standing balance and gait is common in individuals with neurological disorders, and achieving symmetrical stance and gait is an important goal of rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a novel discomfort-induced approach (that is based on using a single textured insole) on the alteration in the symmetry of gait and balance. Eleven healthy subjects (6 females and 5 males, mean age of 28.0 ± 4.1 years) were tested using the Computerized Dynamic Posturography and GaitRite systems when standing or walking while wearing standard footwear with the textured in...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - August 27, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Aruin AS, Kanekar N Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Electrical stimulation of the motor cortex enhances progenitor cell migration in the adult rat brain.
Abstract Clinical and preclinical investigations suggest that epidural stimulation of the motor cortex (MC) can improve stroke-induced neurological deficits. The mechanisms involved in stimulation-induced recovery are not well understood and might involve neurogenesis-related processes. Here, we addressed the question whether MC stimulation influences processes of migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells in vivo. Epidural stimulation electrodes were implanted at the level of the MC in rats, and electrical current was applied for a period of 1 month. Increased cell proliferation was observed in t...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - September 4, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jahanshahi A, Schonfeld L, Janssen ML, Hescham S, Kocabicak E, Steinbusch HW, van Overbeeke JJ, Temel Y Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Speed of perceptual grouping in acquired brain injury.
Abstract Evidence exists that damage to white matter connections may contribute to reduced speed of information processing in traumatic brain injury and stroke. Damage to such axonal projections suggests a particular vulnerability to functions requiring integration across cortical sites. To test this prediction, measurements were made of perceptual grouping, which requires integration of stimulus components. A group of traumatic brain injury and cerebral vascular accident patients and a group of age-matched healthy control subjects viewed arrays of dots and indicated the pattern into which stimuli were perceptuall...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - May 13, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kurylo DD, Larkin GB, Waxman R, Bukhari F Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Effector-dependent neglect and splenial disconnection: a spherical deconvolution tractography study.
We present the case of a patient with left homonymous hemianopia and chronic left neglect consequent to a stroke in the occipito-temporal regions of the right hemisphere. When the patient performed cancellation tasks with her right (dominant) hand, she had severe and persistent left neglect at retest 7 and 8 years after onset. However, her performance on line bisection was invariably within normal limits. Strikingly, performance on cancellation tests reverted to normal when the patient used her left hand. White matter tractography using spherical deconvolution demonstrated damage to the splenium of the corpus callosum, as...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - August 13, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lunven M, De Schotten MT, Glize B, Migliaccio R, Jacquin-Courtois S, Cotton F, Bartolomeo P, Rode G Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Effects of local and widespread muscle fatigue on movement timing.
Abstract Repetitive movements can cause muscle fatigue, leading to motor reorganization, performance deficits, and/or possible injury. The effects of fatigue may depend on the type of fatigue task employed, however. The purpose of this study was to determine how local fatigue of a specific muscle group versus widespread fatigue of various muscle groups affected the control of movement timing. Twenty healthy subjects performed an upper extremity low-load work task similar to sawing for 5 continuous minutes both before and after completing a protocol that either fatigued all the muscles used in the task (widespread ...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - September 3, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Cowley JC, Dingwell JB, Gates DH Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Electrophysiological association of spontaneous yawning and swallowing.
In this study, we sought to test this hypothesis by evaluating the elementary features of yawning in the facial, masseter and submental muscles, together with laryngeal movement sensor and respiratory recordings for spontaneous swallowing. We investigated 15 healthy, normal control subjects, 10 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 10 patients with brainstem stroke (BSS). Apart from four subjects with PD and two with BSS, who had dysphagia, none of the other study subjects were dysphagic by published criteria. Twenty-five subjects (10 control, 10 BSS, 5 PD) were evaluated by 1-h polygraphic recording, and 10 (5 contro...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - May 1, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ertekin C, Bulbul NG, Uludag IF, Tiftikcioglu BI, Arici S, Gurgor N Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

The role of tactile sensation in online and offline hierarchical control of multi-finger force synergy.
Abstract The hand, one of the most versatile but mechanically redundant parts of the human body, must overcome imperfect motor commands and inherent noise in both the sensory and motor systems in order to produce desired motor actions. For example, it is nearly impossible to produce a perfectly consistent note during a single violin stroke or to produce the exact same note over multiple strokes, which we denote online and offline control, respectively. To overcome these challenges, the central nervous system synergistically integrates multiple sensory modalities and coordinates multiple motor effectors. Among thes...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - May 28, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Koh K, Kwon HJ, Yoon BC, Cho Y, Shin JH, Hahn JO, Miller RH, Kim YH, Shim JK Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Hyperlipidemia exacerbates cerebral injury through oxidative stress, inflammation and neuronal apoptosis in MCAO/reperfusion rats.
Abstract Recent studies showed that hyperglycemia enhanced brain damage when subjected to transient cerebral ischemic stroke. However, the etiologic link between them has been less known. In the present study, based on an experimental rat's model of hyperlipidemia combined with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R), we herein showed that hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat diet (HFD) resulted in considerable increase in serum triglycerides, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and remarkable decrease in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which associated with an exacerbation on neurolo...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - August 4, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Cao XL, Du J, Zhang Y, Yan JT, Hu XM Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Cognition overrides orientation dependence in tactile viewpoint selection.
Abstract Humans are capable of extracting spatial information through their sense of touch: when someone strokes their hand, they can easily determine stroke direction without visual information. However, when it comes to the coordinate system used to assign the spatial relations to the stimulation, it remains poorly understood how the brain selects the appropriate system for passive touch. In the study reported here, we investigated whether hand orientation can determine coordinate assignment to ambiguous tactile patterns, whether observers can cognitively override any orientation-driven perspectives on touch, an...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - February 19, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hartcher-O'Brien J, Auvray M Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Augmenting sensorimotor control using "goal-aware" vibrotactile stimulation during reaching and manipulation behaviors.
We describe two sets of experiments that examine the ability of vibrotactile encoding of simple position error and combined object states (calculated from an optimal controller) to enhance performance of reaching and manipulation tasks in healthy human adults. The goal of the first experiment (tracking) was to follow a moving target with a cursor on a computer screen. Visual and/or vibrotactile cues were provided in this experiment, and vibrotactile feedback was redundant with visual feedback in that it did not encode any information above and beyond what was already available via vision. After only 10 minutes of practice...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - April 12, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tzorakoleftherakis E, Murphey TD, Scheidt RA Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Exogenous orienting of attention in hearing: a virtual reality paradigm to assess auditory attention in neglect patients.
Abstract While mechanisms of orienting attention in unilateral spatial neglect (USN) have frequently been studied in the visual domain, these mechanisms remain relatively unexplored in the auditory domain. Our first goal was to replicate Spence and Driver's (J Exp Psychol Hum 22:1005-1030, 1994) results with a virtual reality paradigm. This paradigm simulated a 3-dimensional auditory space with headphones. Our second aim was to study auditory profiles of orienting attention in USN. In a first experiment, 18 healthy participants performed an auditory cueing spatial paradigm (either a target-detection task or a targ...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - June 6, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Guilbert A, Clément S, Martin Y, Feuillet A, Moroni C Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Tactile stimuli affect long-range correlations of stride interval and stride length differently during walking.
Abstract Sensory feedback below the sole of the foot using sub-threshold mechanical noise significantly reduced postural sway in patients with diabetes and stroke. However, the effects of tactile parameters on walking are still elusive. Specifically, the effects of such parameters on human gait variability need to be studied because of possible rehabilitation outcomes in terms of bringing improvement in temporal and spatial gait parameters. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether different frequency and amplitude combinations of vibro-tactile stimulation of feet would affect stride-to-stride variabili...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - February 9, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chien JH, Ambati VN, Huang CK, Mukherjee M Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research