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Source: Experimental Brain Research

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Total 199 results found since Jan 2013.

Rhythmic arm movements are less affected than discrete ones after a stroke.
We reported three main observations: (1) the movement smoothness of the paretic arm was more severely degraded for discrete movements than rhythmic movements; (2) most of the patients performed rhythmic movements with a lower harmonicity than controls; and (3) visually guided rhythmic movements were more altered than non-visually guided rhythmic movements. These results suggest a hierarchy in the levels of impairment: Discrete movements are more affected than rhythmic ones, which are more affected if they are visually guided. These results are a new illustration that discrete and rhythmic movements are two fundamental prim...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - January 9, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Leconte P, Orban de Xivry JJ, Stoquart G, Lejeune T, Ronsse R Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Coordination of muscles to control the footpath during over-ground walking in neurologically intact individuals and stroke survivors.
Abstract The central nervous system (CNS) is believed to use the abundant degrees of freedom of muscles and joints to stabilize a particular task variable important for task success, such as footpath during walking. Stroke survivors often demonstrate impaired balance and high incidences of falls due to increased footpath variability during walking. In the current study, we use the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach to investigate the role of motor abundance in stabilizing footpath during swing phase in healthy individuals and stroke survivors. Twelve stroke survivors and their age- and gender-matched controls wa...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - February 22, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Srivastava S, Kao PC, Reisman DS, Higginson JS, Scholz JP Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Visual neglect after left-hemispheric lesions: a voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping study in 121 acute stroke patients.
Abstract Visual neglect after left-hemispheric lesion is thought to be less frequent, less severe, and shorter lived than visuospatial attention deficits resulting from right-hemispheric lesions. However, reports exist opposing this assumption, and it is unclear how these findings fit into the current theories of visuospatial processing. Furthermore, only little is known about the exact structure-function relationship between visuospatial attention deficits and left-hemispheric stroke. We investigated neglect in 121 patients with acute left-hemispheric ischemic stroke by following clinical development from within ...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - September 15, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Beume LA, Martin M, Kaller CP, Klöppel S, Schmidt CS, Urbach H, Egger K, Rijntjes M, Weiller C, Umarova RM Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Unilateral wrist extension training after stroke improves strength and neural plasticity in both arms.
This study shows that high-intensity training with the neurologically less affected "non-paretic" arm can improve strength bilaterally and alter both spinal and cortical plasticity. The extent to which this plasticity can be enhanced or functionally exploited remains to be examined. PMID: 29730752 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Brain Research - May 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sun Y, Ledwell NMH, Boyd LA, Zehr EP Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

StartReact increases the probability of muscle activity and distance in severe/moderate stroke survivors during two-dimensional reaching task.
Abstract StartReact elicits faster, larger, and more appropriate muscle activation in stroke survivors but has been only cursorily studied to date during multi-jointed reaching. Our objective was to evaluate StartReact on unrestricted, two-dimensional point-to-point reaching tasks post-stroke. Data from 23 individuals with stroke were collected during point-to-point reaching. Voluntary and StartReact trials were compared between mild, severe/moderate, and the unimpaired arm. StartReact showed an increase in probability of muscle activity, larger muscle activity amplitude, and faster muscle activity onset. Despite ...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - April 4, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Rahimi M, Honeycutt CF Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Mini-review article: the role of spinal reciprocal inhibition and intracortical inhibition in functional recovery from stroke.
Abstract Spinal reciprocal inhibition (RI) and intracortical inhibition are important physiological mechanisms for voluntary movement control and functional recovery of voluntary movement in patients with stroke. Spasticity, which impairs motor performance, is one of the major manifestations of stroke. RI may be involved in reducing spasticity. This might allow finger extension, and, therefore, better hand function by reducing co-contraction with finger extensors. One potential mechanism of functional reorganization of the motor cortex is that pre-existing masking pathways are unmasked by decreased intracortical i...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - June 16, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fujiwara T Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Voluntary exercise ameliorates the good limb training effect in a mouse model of stroke.
This study used a mouse model to investigate if post-stroke exercise could prevent deterioration of the function of the impaired limb despite compensatory training of the intact limb. Results showed that mice that exercised, in combination with intact limb training, demonstrated improved functional outcome compared to mice that received no training or compensatory limb training only. These findings suggest that exercise can prevent the deterioration of impaired limb functional outcome that is typically seen with intact limb use. PMID: 33388904 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Brain Research - January 3, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nemchek V, Haan EM, Mavros R, Macuiba A, Kerr AL Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Effects of gait rehabilitation on motor coordination in stroke survivors: an UCM-based approach
Exp Brain Res. 2021 May 6. doi: 10.1007/s00221-021-06117-5. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPost-stroke locomotion is usually characterized by asymmetrical gait patterns, compensatory movements of trunk and nonparetic limb, altered motor coordination, and wide inter-stride variability. This pilot study was designed to test a twofold hypothesis: post-stroke survivors can exploit the redundancy of the segmental angles to stabilize the 3D footpath trajectory during the swing phase, in accordance with the Uncontrolled Manifold (UCM) theory; an intense rehabilitative treatment improves both motor performance and outcomes of the U...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - May 6, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Margherita Lofrumento Peppino Tropea Michela Picardi Paola Antoniotti Silvestro Micera Massimo Corbo Vito Monaco Source Type: research

Explicit motor sequence learning after stroke: a neuropsychological study
Exp Brain Res. 2021 Jun 5. doi: 10.1007/s00221-021-06141-5. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMotor learning interacts with and shapes experience-dependent cerebral plasticity. In stroke patients with paresis of the upper limb, motor recovery was proposed to reflect a process of re-learning the lost/impaired skill, which interacts with rehabilitation. However, to what extent stroke patients with hemiparesis may retain the ability of learning with their affected limb remains an unsolved issue, that was addressed by this study. Nineteen patients, with a cerebrovascular lesion affecting the right or the left hemisphere, underwent...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - June 6, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Cristina Russo Laura Veronelli Carlotta Casati Alessia Monti Laura Perucca Francesco Ferraro Massimo Corbo Giuseppe Vallar Nadia Bolognini Source Type: research

Force acquisition frequency is less impaired compared to grip strength or hand dexterity in individuals with chronic stroke
Exp Brain Res. 2022 Aug 19. doi: 10.1007/s00221-022-06432-5. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDespite numerous studies that show force regulation is impaired after stroke, two recent studies suggest that the ability to regulate submaximal, isometric grip forces may remain substantially intact. Here we asked how this aspect of hand motor control, measured for both a power grip and pinch grip, compares to two other key aspects of hand function-grip strength and dexterity. For 20 individuals with a range of hand impairment levels in the chronic phase of stroke (Age: 62 ± 16.0 years, Time post stroke: 958.3 ± 966.5 days, Sex: 1...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - August 19, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Quentin Sanders Vicky Chan Oliver Stoller David Reinkensmeyer Source Type: research

A modified murine photothrombotic stroke model: a minimally invasive and reproducible cortical and sub-cortical infarct volume and long-term deficits
In conclusion, this modified model helps to understand stroke pathogenesis and minimize the animals' numbers which help to increase the scientific and statistical potential in pre-clinical studies.PMID:37656197 | DOI:10.1007/s00221-023-06696-5
Source: Experimental Brain Research - September 1, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mohd Salman Saifudeen Ismael Tauheed Ishrat Source Type: research

Sensory electrical stimulation improves foot placement during targeted stepping post-stroke.
In this study, we examined whether somatosensory stimulation, which improves functional movements of the paretic hand, could be used to improve foot placement of the paretic limb. Foot placement was evaluated before, during, and after application of somatosensory electrical stimulation to the paretic foot during a targeted stepping task. Starting from standing, twelve chronic stroke participants initiated movement with the non-paretic limb and stepped to one of five target locations projected onto the floor with distances normalized to the paretic stride length. Targeting error and lower extremity kinematics were used to a...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - January 22, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Walker ER, Hyngstrom AS, Schmit BD Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research

Control of reach extent with the paretic and nonparetic arms after unilateral sensorimotor stroke II: planning and adjustments to control movement distance.
Abstract Nondisabled adults utilize both planning and feedback-based compensatory adjustments to control actual distance moved for skilled reach actions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether individuals post-stroke utilize planning and compensatory adjustments to control movement distance for reaches to targets that vary in distance. Individuals with mild to moderate motor impairment after stroke and nondisabled adults reached with both arms to targets presented at three distances (8, 16, 24 cm). The control of movement distance was compared between arms (control, nonparetic, and paretic) as to the ...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - July 8, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Stewart JC, Gordon J, Winstein CJ Tags: Exp Brain Res Source Type: research