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Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry
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Total 415 results found since Jan 2013.
What a jerk: perils in the assessment of psychogenic movement disorders
In 2012, the upstate New York town of LeRoy became something of a neuropsychiatric battleground when it witnessed an outbreak of cases of sudden-onset tic-like behaviour in high-school age girls, many from a single school.1 The ‘Tourette's epidemic’, as it was dubbed by a fascinated world media, attracted different explanations: for every claim that this was ‘mass hysteria’ (ie, conversion disorder), there was an outraged counter-claim to the effect that such a diagnosis was missing a real organic cause of these tics and jerks, variously thought to be PANDAS (a rare and still controversial apparent ...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - July 8, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Pollak, T. A. Tags: Genetics, Immunology (including allergy), Epilepsy and seizures, Movement disorders (other than Parkinsons), Neurological injury, Pain (neurology), Stroke, Trauma CNS / PNS, Child and adolescent psychiatry, Memory disorders (psychiatry), Somatoform disord Source Type: research
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and language
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive neuromodulation technique inducing prolonged brain excitability changes and promoting cerebral plasticity, is a promising option for neurorehabilitation. Here, we review progress in research on tDCS and language functions and on the potential role of tDCS in the treatment of post-stroke aphasia. Currently available data suggest that tDCS over language-related brain areas can modulate linguistic abilities in healthy individuals and can improve language performance in patients with aphasia. Whether the results obtained in experimental conditions are functionally ...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - July 8, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Monti, A., Ferrucci, R., Fumagalli, M., Mameli, F., Cogiamanian, F., Ardolino, G., Priori, A. Tags: Open access Cognitive neurology Source Type: research
Trigeminal neuralgia after pontine infarction affecting the ipsilateral trigeminal nerve
A 57-year-old man presented with numbness, paraesthesia and lancinating pain on the left side of the face, which had developed suddenly 10 days previously. He had hypertension and no history of headache. His facial pain was characterised by a brief electric shock-like pain, which was evoked by light stimuli, and also occurred spontaneously. A neurological examination showed a mild decrease in sensation on the left side of the face, mainly with V2 and V3 distribution, and on the left oral cavity, including the tongue and buccal mucosa. Other neurological examinations were normal, including the corneal reflex and the mo...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - July 8, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Kim, J. B., Yu, S. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Brain stem / cerebellum, Cranial nerves, Headache (including migraine), Multiple sclerosis, Neuroimaging, Neuromuscular disease, Pain (neurology), Peripheral nerve disease, Stroke, Hypertension, Ophthalmology, Drugs: psychi Source Type: research
The UK MRC Mitochondrial Disease Patient Cohort Study: clinical phenotypes associated with the m.3243A>G mutation--implications for diagnosis and management
Conclusion
Following this study we propose guidelines for screening and for the management of confirmed cases.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - July 8, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Nesbitt, V., Pitceathly, R. D. S., Turnbull, D. M., Taylor, R. W., Sweeney, M. G., Mudanohwo, E. E., Rahman, S., Hanna, M. G., McFarland, R. Tags: Genetics, Cranial nerves, Muscle disease, Neuromuscular disease, Ophthalmology, Disability, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Ear, nose and throat/otolaryngology Neurogenetics Source Type: research
The impact of stress on the social brain - psychopathological implications and neurobiological mechanisms
Carmen Sandi is Professor and Director of the Brain Mind Institute, at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, where she leads the Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics. She obtained a PhD in Neuroscience at the Cajal Institute, CSIC Madrid, and had postdoctoral appointments at the University of Bordeaux II-INSERM and the Open University, UK. After a sabbatical stay at the University of Bern, she joined the EPFL in 2003. Her main interest is to understand how stress affects brain function and behavior. Her work has been pioneering in identifying the neurobiological mechanisms whereby stress a...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - August 6, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Sandi, C. Tags: Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Stroke, Personality disorders Stress and The Brain Day 1, Thursday 7 February Speakers, Short Biographies and Abstracts Source Type: research
Childhood stress and risk for later mental disorder
Jeremy Hall is Professor of Psychiatry and Scottish Senior Clinical Fellow. He is an Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist in General Adult and Liaison Psychiatry, and works both at the Royal Edinburgh Hospital and the New Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. He studied Biology as an undergraduate at Oxford University before completing pre-clinical medicine at the University of Edinburgh. He then joined the MB/PhD programme at Cambridge University, graduating MB/BChir with a PhD in Experimental Psychology in 2000. Following his house jobs he completed clinical training in Psychiatry in South East Scotland. After a six month Stanley Fo...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - August 6, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Hall, J. Tags: Stroke, Child and adolescent psychiatry, Personality disorders Stress and The Brain Day 1, Thursday 7 February Speakers, Short Biographies and Abstracts Source Type: research
The impact of epilepsy on cognitive function
Prof. Dr. phil. Christoph Helmstaedter, Dept. of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn/Germany.
Current position and activities: Head of the section of clinical neuropsychology of the department of Epileptology, University Clinic Bonn, Germany. The major work focuses on declarative verbal and visual-spatial memory and functional plasticity in healthy subjects and epilepsy patients with temporal lobe epilepsy across the ages with special consideration of developmental neuropsychology in the maturing (developmental hindrance) and ageing (accelerated decline) brain. Other issues of interest are the frontal lobes and executiv...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - August 6, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Helmstaedter, C. Tags: Epilepsy and seizures, Stroke, Neuropathology Epilepsy Day 2, Friday 8 February Speakers, Short Biographies and Abstracts Source Type: research
Psychedelic drugs, magical thinking and psychosis
After completing an undergraduate degree in Psychology in 2003, Robin studied psychoanalysis at Masters level, receiving his MA in 2004. In 2005, Robin began a four year PhD in Psychopharmacology at the University of Bristol. Working for Professor David Nutt and Dr Sue Wilson, Robin's thesis focused on sleep and serotonin function in ecstasy users. Robin conducted a clinical study involving sleep electroencephalography (EEG) and tryptophan depletion.
In 2009, working closely with the Beckley Foundation, he successfully coordinated the first clinical study of psilocybin in the UK and the first clinical study of a classic ps...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - August 6, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Carhart-Harris, R. Tags: Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Neuroimaging, Stroke, End of life decisions (palliative care), Psychotherapy, Psychotic disorders (incl schizophrenia) Consciousness Source Type: research
Equipped to survive: comprehensive response to threat enables optimal behaviour
Guillén Fernández is Professor for Cognitive Neuroscience and director of the Donders Center for Neuroscience at the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center. He obtained his medical degree, doctorate, and habilitation at Bonn University. He received full training in clinical neurology and cognitive neurosciences in Bonn, Magdeburg, and Stanford. In 2002, he became a founding principal investigator of the Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging in Nijmegen. His area of research is human cognitive neuroscience in which he studies the brain basis of memory, emotion, and their interactions. He applies an int...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - August 6, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Fernandez, G. Tags: Brain stem / cerebellum, Dementia, Stroke Stress and The Brain Day 1, Thursday 7 February Speakers, Short Biographies and Abstracts Source Type: research
A case of organic amnesic disorder syndrome diagnosed with fmri
Conclusion
These results demonstrate that fMRI along with neuropsychological assessment is a useful tool to unravel organic origin of an amnesic disorder even if structural brain imaging appears normal.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - August 6, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Koeda, M., Takizawa, Y., Minagawa, K., Yamamoto, M., Ichimiya, T., Tateno, A., Belin, P., Okubo, Y. Tags: Dementia, Neuroimaging, Sleep disorders (neurology), Stroke, Memory disorders (psychiatry), Mood disorders (including depression), Sleep disorders, Radiology, Radiology (diagnostics) Members ' Posters Source Type: research
Unilateral midbrain infarct presenting as dorsal midbrain syndrome
Introduction Brainstem and cerebellar lesions are commonly associated with disorders of extraocular movements and these have localising value. The dorsal midbrain syndrome is characterised by (1) impaired voluntary vertical eye movements, (2) light-near dissociation of the pupillary response (pseudo-Argyll Robertson pupils), (3) convergence nystagmus on attempted upward gaze, (4) lid retraction (Collier sign) and (5) skew deviation.1 2 This syndrome is usually produced by pressure on the midbrain tectum.2 In this syndrome, the mesencephalic reticular formation that includes the rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longit...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - August 6, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Rabadi, M. H. Tags: Brain stem / cerebellum, Cranial nerves, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Hydrocephalus, Stroke, Hypertension, Ophthalmology, Radiology, Radiology (diagnostics) Neurological pictures Source Type: research
Sunshine and multiple sclerosis
In 1960, Donald Acheson1 made the seminal observation that the global distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) may be related to available hours of sunshine; this observation was met with disbelief at the time. However, over the subsequent more than 50 years, it has become clear that he may well be right. The effect of sunlight exposure and subsequent vitamin D production (generated by photolysis of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin by ultraviolet radiation (UVR)) on the onset and progression of MS has become a significant research focus particularly over the last 10 years, with large-scale clinical trials of vitam...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - September 2, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Taylor, B. V. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Multiple sclerosis, Stroke Editorial commentaries Source Type: research
Successful outcome after traumatic rupture and secondary thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus
A 15-year-old adolescent was admitted to the emergency department after a car accident because of severe traumatic brain injury. Upon arrival, he was sedated and intubated because of a Glasgow Coma Scale score below 8. He had isocoria with reactive pupils. An occipital puncture wound (diameter 2 cm) was profusely bleeding. His blood pressure was 85/45 mm Hg. Laboratory values identified a haemoglobin level of 4.6 mmol/l. A CT scan of the brain demonstrated a comminuted-depressed fracture of the parietal bone in the midline with a rupture of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and secondary thrombosis (fig...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - September 2, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Oudeman, E. A., De Witt Hamer, P. C. Tags: Coma and raised intracranial pressure, Neuroimaging, Neurological injury, Stroke, Trauma CNS / PNS, Hypertension, Radiology, Drugs: musculoskeletal and joint diseases, Radiology (diagnostics), Trauma, Injury Neurological pictures Source Type: research
Autoimmune gabab antibody encephalitis associated with non-malignant lung lesion
GABAb receptor autoimmune encephalitis is a potentially treatable disorder characterised by seizures, memory deficits, increased anxiety and mood dysregulation. In some patients it is associated with small–cell lung cancer and with other autoantibodies. We are presenting a case of GABAb receptor autoimmune encephalitis which was associated with non–malignant lung lesion, likely inflammatory in nature.
A 62 year old woman presented with recent onset depression and tonic–clonic seizures. CT head showed patchy white matter changes particularly in the left frontal lobe. Initial treatment for suspected infecti...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Wysota, B., Teare, L., Karim, A., Jacob, S. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Epilepsy and seizures, Infection (neurology), Stroke, Drugs: psychiatry, Memory disorders (psychiatry), Radiology, Drugs: musculoskeletal and joint diseases, Radiology (diagnostics) Association of British Neurologists (AB Source Type: research
Anti glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody mediated encephalopathy while on etanercept in a patient with multiple autoimmune diseases
A 39 year old lady presented with an altered mental state and unsteadiness of gait. She had a history of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, autoimmune thyroiditis and alopecia, protein S deficiency with vena cava thrombosis, previous excision of ovarian mass and vasculitic rash. There was a previous history of ovarian mass and her immunomodulatory therapy for arthritis over the previous year was Etanercept.
She used recreational cannabis but denied any other illicit drug usage. Her affect was variable and at times inappropriate with frequent laughter. She would spit regularly. There was anxiety and a prevailing sensation of do...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: MacDougall, N., Waddell, B., O'Riordan, J. I. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Brain stem / cerebellum, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Epilepsy and seizures, Infection (neurology), Stroke, Drugs misuse (including addiction), Connective tissue disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes Association of British Source Type: research
