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Linagliptin treatment improves cerebrovascular function and remodeling and restores reduced cerebral perfusion in type 2 diabetes.
In this study, we hypothesized that DPP-IV inhibition with linagliptin would improve impaired cerebral perfusion in diabetic rats as well as improve insulin-induced cerebrovascular relaxation and reverse pathological cerebrovascular remodeling. We further postulated that these changes would lead to a subsequent improvement of cognitive function. Male type-2 diabetic and nondiabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were treated with linagliptin for four weeks, and blood glucose and DPP-IV plasma levels were assessed. Cerebral perfusion was assessed post-treatment using laser Doppler imaging, and dose response to insulin (10(-13)- 10...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - June 28, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Hardigan T, Yasir A, Abdelsaid M, Coucha M, El-Shaffey S, Li W, Johnson MH, Ergul A Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

Linagliptin treatment improves cerebrovascular function and remodeling and restores reduced cerebral perfusion in Type 2 diabetes
In this study, we hypothesized that DPP-IV inhibition with linagliptin would improve impaired cerebral perfusion in diabetic rats, as well as improve insulin-induced cerebrovascular relaxation and reverse pathological cerebrovascular remodeling. We further postulated that these changes would lead to a subsequent improvement of cognitive function. Male Type-2 diabetic and nondiabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats were treated with linagliptin for 4 wk, and blood glucose and DPP-IV plasma levels were assessed. Cerebral perfusion was assessed after treatment using laser-Doppler imaging, and dose response to insulin (10–13 M–...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - August 31, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Hardigan, T., Yasir, A., Abdelsaid, M., Coucha, M., El-Shaffey, S., Li, W., Johnson, M. H., Ergul, A. Tags: Obesity, Diabetes and Energy Homeostasis Source Type: research

Robust low-dose dynamic cerebral perfusion CT image restoration via coupled dictionary learning scheme.
Authors: Tian X, Zeng D, Zhang S, Huang J, Zhang H, He J, Lu L, Xi W, Ma J, Bian Z Abstract Dynamic cerebral perfusion x-ray computed tomography (PCT) imaging has been advocated to quantitatively and qualitatively assess hemodynamic parameters in the diagnosis of acute stroke or chronic cerebrovascular diseases. However, the associated radiation dose is a significant concern to patients due to its dynamic scan protocol. To address this issue, in this paper we propose an image restoration method by utilizing coupled dictionary learning (CDL) scheme to yield clinically acceptable PCT images with low-dose data acquisi...
Source: Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology - September 11, 2016 Category: Radiology Tags: J Xray Sci Technol Source Type: research

Saturday Highlights: 2017 EMS State of the Science Gathering of Eagles XVIX
Covering an unprecedented number of topics, the 19th Annual EMS State of the Science: Gathering of Eagles Conference concluded Saturday afternoon with 910 attendees treated to rapid-fire lectures presented by the “Eagles”—medical directors from the largest municipalities and EMS systems in the United States, Great Britain and New Zealand. JEMS: Coverage of Friday's highlights from the Gathering of Eagles Conference Led by founder and coordinator Paul E. Pepe, MD, MPH, the faculty of 40 EMS medical directors presented talks that immersed the attendees’ brains in the “state of the science” of EMS, including the ...
Source: JEMS Administration and Leadership - February 19, 2017 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: A.J. Heightman, MPA, EMT-P Tags: News Administration and Leadership Source Type: news

E-046 Length of stay in mechanical thrombectomy, and machine learning improvement of predictive analysis
Conclusions Machine learning methods outperform multivariate logistic regression at the prediction of length of stay. Predictive analysis for patient length of stay could help hospital utilization and allow for more aggressive measures to prevent hospital acquired conditions. Disclosures S. Arndt: None. G. Bennett: None. K. Wojcik: None. A. Albar: None. M. Alhasan: None. J. Ma: None. P. Gulotta: None. J. Milburn: None.
Source: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery - July 23, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Arndt, S., Bennett, G., Wojcik, K., Albar, A., Alhasan, M., Ma, J., Gulotta, P., Milburn, J. Tags: Electronic Poster Abstracts Source Type: research

Compensatory Reserve Index Can Aid in Early Shock Detection
EARLY SHOCK DETECTION Convertino VA, Howard JT, Hinojosa-Laborde C. Individual-specific, beat-to-beat trending of significant human blood loss: The compensatory reserve. Shock. Jan. 6, 2015. [Epub ahead of print.] Hemorrhagic shock is the leading cause of death in trauma. The challenge is detecting shock early enough to intervene clinically. The human body is masterful at compensating with a variety of seemingly undetectable mechanisms, such as autonomic activity, vasoconstriction, increased stroke volume, improved cardiac filling and more efficient breathing. So by the time we see alterations in vital sign metrics, the...
Source: JEMS Special Topics - August 10, 2015 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Alexander L. Trembley, NREMT P Tags: Columns Cardiac & Resuscitation Special Topics Patient Care Source Type: news

Clinical and Basic Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of Uric Acid in Traumatic Brain Injury.
Conclusions: UA acted to attenuate neuronal loss, cerebral perfusion impairment and neurological deficits in TBI mice through suppression of neuronal and vascular oxidative stress. Following TBI, active antioxidant defense in the brain may result in consumption of UA in the serum, and thus, a decreased serum UA level could be predictive of good clinical recovery. PMID: 30013449 [PubMed - in process]
Source: International Journal of Medical Sciences - July 18, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Int J Med Sci Source Type: research

Early Clinical Outcomes of Hybrid Arch Frozen Elephant Trunk Repair with the Thoraflex Hybrid Graft
ConclusionsHybrid aortic arch and FET repair with the Thoraflex hybrid graft appears to be associated with good clinical outcomes, despite being early in the learning curve with this graft. Further investigation with this device is warranted to establish its role within the variations of hybrid arch repair.
Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery - October 4, 2018 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Source Type: research

Early Clinical Outcomes of Hybrid Arch Frozen Elephant Trunk Repair with the Thoraflex Hybrid Graft.
CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid aortic arch and FET repair with the Thoraflex hybrid graft appears to be associated with good clinical outcomes, despite being early in the learning curve with this graft. Further investigation with this device is warranted to establish its role within the variations of hybrid arch repair. PMID: 30291835 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery - October 3, 2018 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Chu MWA, Losenno KL, Dubois LA, Jones PM, Ouzounian M, Whitlock R, Dagenais F, Boodhwani M, Bhatnagar G, Poostizadeh A, Pozeg Z, Moon M, Kiaii B, Peterson MD, Canadian Thoracic Aortic Collaborative (CTAC) Investigators Tags: Ann Thorac Surg Source Type: research

Learning to Predict Ischemic Stroke Growth on Acute CT Perfusion Data by Interpolating Low-Dimensional Shape Representations
Christian Lucas, Andr é Kemmling, Nassim Bouteldja, Linda F. Aulmann, Amir Madany Mamlouk, Mattias P. Heinrich
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - November 26, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Multimodal Optical Diagnostics of the Microhaemodynamics in Upper and Lower Limbs
Conclusion The use of optical non-invasive diagnostic methods has a great potential for the detection of concomitant microcirculation disorders in patients with rheumatic diseases and diabetes. In this review, it was shown that the use of laser Doppler flowmetry, optical tissue oximetry and fluorescence spectroscopy together or separately may have important diagnostic value for the detection of violations, assessment of their severity, as well as for the analysis of the effectiveness of the therapy. The joint application of the considered technologies with the methods of machine learning (discriminant analysis) can be use...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

The learning curve effect on outcomes with frozen elephant trunk technique for extensive thoracic aorta disease
ConclusionThe learning curve with the FET procedure had a significant impact on hospital mortality and midterm survival over the follow ‐up period, albeit did not influence the freedom from reintervention on the downstream aorta.
Source: Journal of Cardiac Surgery - July 2, 2019 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Fabr ício José Dinato, Ricardo Ribeiro Dias, José Augusto Duncan, Fábio Fernandes, Felix José Alvares Ramires, Charles Mady, Fabio Biscegli Jatene Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Alzheimer's dementia: pathogenesis and impact of cardiovascular risk factors on cognitive decline.
Authors: Wanleenuwat P, Iwanowski P, Kozubski W Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia manifesting as alterations in cognitive abilities, behavior and deterioration in memory which is progressive, leading to gradual worsening of symptoms. Major pathological features of AD are accumulations of neuronal amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, with early lesions appearing primarily in the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in memory and learning. Cardiovascular related risk factors are believed to play a crucial role in disease development and the acceleration of cognitive ...
Source: Postgraduate Medicine - August 21, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Postgrad Med Source Type: research

The learning curve effect on outcomes with frozen elephant trunk technique for extensive thoracic aorta disease
ConclusionThe learning curve with the FET procedure had a significant impact on hospital mortality and midterm survival over the follow ‐up period, albeit did not influence the freedom from reintervention on the downstream aorta.
Source: Journal of Cardiac Surgery - September 5, 2019 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Fabr ício José Dinato, Ricardo Ribeiro Dias, José Augusto Duncan, Fábio Fernandes, Felix José Alvares Ramires, Charles Mady, Fabio Biscegli Jatene Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

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