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COVID-19 Continuous-EEG Case Series: A Descriptive Study
Conclusions: In this observational case series of 16 patients with COVID-19 who were monitored with continuous video-EEG, most patients experienced a nonspecific encephalopathy. Clinical seizures and electrographic status epilepticus were the second most commonly observed neurological problem.
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - November 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Clinical presentation and assessment of older patients presenting with headache to emergency departments: A multicentre observational study
CONCLUSION: Older patients with headache had different clinical features to the younger cohort and were more likely to have a serious secondary cause of headache than younger adults. There should be a low threshold for investigation in older patients attending ED with non-traumatic headache.PMID:34570422 | DOI:10.1111/ajag.12999
Source: Australasian Journal on Ageing - September 27, 2021 Category: Geriatrics Authors: Sierra Beck Frances B Kinnear Anne Maree Kelly Kevin H Chu Win Sen Kuan Gerben Keijzers Richard Body Mehmet A Karamercan Sharon Klim Tissa Wijeratne Sinan Kamona Colin A Graham Tom Roberts Daniel Horner Said Laribi HEAD Study Group Source Type: research

Janssen Announces U.S. FDA Approval of PONVORY ™ (ponesimod), an Oral Treatment for Adults with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Proven Superior to Aubagio® (teriflunomide) in Reducing Annual Relapses and Brain Lesions
TITUSVILLE, N.J. – (March 19, 2021) – The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved PONVORY™ (ponesimod), a once-daily oral selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) modulator, to treat adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease and active secondary progressive disease.1,2,3 PONVORY™ offers MS patients superior efficacy in reducing annualized relapse rates compared to an established oral therapy and a proven safety profile backed by ove...
Source: Johnson and Johnson - March 19, 2021 Category: Pharmaceuticals Tags: Innovation Source Type: news

What Causes Facial Nerve Palsy?
Discussion Facial nerve palsy has been known for centuries, but in 1821 unilateral facial nerve paralysis was described by Sir Charles Bell. Bell’s palsy (BP) is a unilateral, acute facial paralysis that is clinically diagnosed after other etiologies have been excluded by appropriate history, physical examination and/or laboratory testing or imaging. Symptoms include abnormal movement of facial nerve. It can be associated with changes in facial sensation, hearing, taste or excessive tearing. The right and left sides are equally affected but bilateral BP is rare (0.3%). Paralysis can be complete or incomplete at prese...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - June 3, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Hypovolemia due to cerebral salt wasting may contribute to stroke in tuberculous meningitis
ConclusionIn TBM, stroke occurred in 39.5% of the patients, 50% of whom had CSW. Volume contraction due to CSW may contribute to stroke.
Source: QJM - April 9, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Pituitary aspergillus infection
We report a case of Aspergillus infection involving the pituitary gland and sellar region discovered in a 74-year-old man. The patient had a history of hypertension, chronic renal disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and presented with right eye pain, headaches and worsening hemiparesis. Imaging studies revealed a right internal carotid artery occlusion and an acute right pontine stroke along with smaller infarcts in the right middle cerebral artery distribution. Clinically, the patient was thought to have vasculitis. An infectious etiology was not identified. He developed respiratory distress and died. At autopsy, necroti...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - May 29, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Stroke Subtypes and Risk Factors in Saudi Arabia (P1.124)
CONCLUSION: Non-cardioembolic disease was the overwhelming stroke mechanism in this middle-eastern cohort with only 4[percnt] of patients have cardioembolic stroke, in comparison to roughly 20[percnt] reported in Western cohorts. In part, these differences may be explained by deficient prolonged cardiac monitoring. However the high prevalence of atherothrombotic risk factors and overrepresentation of non-cardioembolic stroke suggests a need to optimize atherothrombotic stroke risk factor management within our populationDisclosure: Dr. Al Harbi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shoamanesh has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Al Harbi, A., Shoamanesh, A. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Sudden neuropathological deaths: An autopsy study
Background Sudden or unexpected death can occur from unnatural causes, such as violence or poisoning, as well as from natural causes. Second to cardiac causes, neuropathology is one of the main causes of sudden natural death. In spite of the increasing incidence of neuropathological deaths, few studies have been conducted in Asia – hence the reason for the present study. Methods A 10-year (January 2003 to December 2012) retrospective study was conducted at the MS medico-legal institute in a metropolitan city of southern India. All the cases of sudden natural death, where the cause of death was opined to be due to a ...
Source: Medicine, Science and the Law - September 16, 2015 Category: Medical Law Authors: Hugar, B. S., Shetty, H., Girishchandra, Y., Hosahally, J. S. Tags: Original articles Source Type: research

UCLA researchers provide first evidence of how obstructive sleep apnea damages the brain
Courtesy of Rajesh Kumar Brains with obstructive sleep apnea (left) and without UCLA researchers have reported the first evidence that obstructive sleep apnea contributes to a breakdown of the blood–brain barrier, which plays an important role in protecting brain tissue. The discovery, reported in the Sept. 1 issue of the Journal of Neuroimaging, could lead to new approaches for treating obstructive sleep apnea, which affects an estimated 22 million American adults. The disorder causes frequent interruptions in breathing during sleep because the airways narrow or become blocked. The blood–brain barrier limits harmful...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - September 1, 2015 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

A Case Report of Rheumatoid Meningitis, an unusual complication of Rheumatoid Arthritis (P4.056)
CONCLUSIONS: Rheumatoid Meningitis is an extremely uncommon complication of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Initial presentations can vary from altered mental status (most common), cranial neuropathies, hemiparesis/paraparesis, seizure, headache and very rarely stroke like symptoms. This patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis presented with multiple stroke like episodes, lepomeningeal enhancement. Diagnosis was established on the basis of Imaging and Histopathology after excluding other potential causes of granulomatous meningitis. Study Supported by: Not applicableDisclosure: Dr. roy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brink has nothing to dis...
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Roy, B., Brink, J., Bakradze, E., Al Zahmi, F., Uphoff, D., Silverman, I. Tags: MS and CNS Inflammatory Diseases: CNS Inflammatory Diseases and Differential Diagnosis Source Type: research

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity in neurological critical care
Conclusion: PSH is an unusual complication in neurocritical care. It prolonged the hospitalization and hampers recovery. The other life-threatening conditions that mimic PSH should be excluded. The association with JE and tuberculous meningitis was not previously described in literature.
Source: Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine - January 6, 2015 Category: Intensive Care Authors: Rajesh VermaPrithvi GiriImran Rizvi Source Type: research

The Risk of Large-Artery Atherosclerotic Stroke is Proportionally Greater than Cardioembolic Stroke in HIV-Infected Individuals Compared to HIV-Uninfected Controls (P4.304)
CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected individuals with well-controlled infection may be at proportionally greater risk for large artery atherosclerotic versus cardioembolic stroke compared to uninfected individuals. Additional studies are warranted to confirm this association and explore potential mechanisms underlying this difference, including the role of chronic inflammation.Disclosure: Dr. Price has received personal compensation for activities with Abbott Laboratories as a speaker. Dr. Hsue has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kim has received research support from SanBio, Inc.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Chow, F., Price, R., Hsue, P., Kim, A. Tags: NeuroAIDS Source Type: research

The Risk of Large-Artery Atherosclerotic Stroke is Proportionally Greater than Cardioembolic Stroke in HIV-Infected Individuals Compared to HIV-Uninfected Controls (I10-1.003)
CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected individuals with well-controlled infection may be at proportionally greater risk for large artery atherosclerotic versus cardioembolic stroke compared to uninfected individuals. Additional studies are warranted to confirm this association and explore potential mechanisms underlying this difference, including the role of chronic inflammation.Disclosure: Dr. Price has received personal compensation for activities with Abbott Laboratories as a speaker. Dr. Hsue has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kim has received research support from SanBio, Inc.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Chow, F., Price, R., Hsue, P., Kim, A. Tags: The Global Burden of Neurological Diseases Poster Presentations Source Type: research